Shanghai: Household Waste Sorting

Along with rapid urbanization and improvement of people's living standards, more and more large and medium-sized cities are finding themselves "encircled" by a growing volume of garbage. The boom in catering and logistics services in recent decades has produced huge amounts of household waste in Shanghai, which has resulted in such problems as land appropriation, environmental pollution, and waste of resources.

Waste sorting is an effective measure for reducing, recycling and harmless treatment of household waste. It is also an important way to improve the living environment and accelerate the building of an eco-civilization.

Shanghai began household waste sorting in the 1990s. It has pioneered waste separation and formulated relevant rules.

Waste sorting is a small thing in people's lives and a big thing in green development. Xi Jinping has required Beijing and Shanghai to follow international standards, and lead other cities in practicing compulsory waste sorting.

In 2014 Shanghai introduced a number of systems related to household waste sorting and reduction, such as joint meetings and naming individuals responsible for waste collection. In 2017, the city began to put in place a system for whole-process management covering sorted waste deposits, collection, transportation and processing. In 2018, it unveiled rules about household waste sorting and a detailed three-year action plan. On July 1, 2019, the Shanghai Regulations on Household Waste Sorting came into effect, providing legal stipulations for the whole-process operation. To date, good results have been achieved, with the involvement of all sectors – Party organizations, government departments, the market and the general public.

Waste sorting requires science-based management, long-term mechanisms and good habits. Shanghai's experience is that there must be top-level design, support mechanisms, and complete standards and rules to follow. Legislation, government promotion, public participation, coordination among urban and rural areas, and applicable measures all play their roles in this whole process.

上海生活垃圾分類全程體系建設

隨著中國城鎮化快速發展，人民生活水平不斷提高，“垃圾圍城”成為全國大中型城市發展中的一個“痛點”。近年來，物流、餐飲行業的興起發展，使得上海市生活垃圾量面臨巨大的增長壓力，并由此衍生出土地侵占、環境污染、資源浪費等問題。垃圾分類作為推進生活垃圾減量化、資源化、無害化的主要手段之一，是提升人居環境、加快生態文明建設的重要舉措。

上海自20世紀90年代開始推進生活垃圾分類工作，先后開展專項分類，探索分類標準、分類管理制度。垃圾分類既是民生“關鍵小事”，也是綠色發展大事。習近平指出，北京、上海等城市，要向國際水平看齊，率先建立生活垃圾強制分類制度，為全國作出表率。2014年，《上海市促進生活垃圾分類減量辦法》確立了分類減量聯席會議制度、分類投放管理責任人制度等多項管理制度。2017年，上海開始著手構建生活垃圾分類投放、分類收集、分類運輸、分類處理的全程分類體系。2018年，上海發布實施方案明確地方標準和規范，印發三年行動計劃細化工作進程，生活垃圾分類工作正式進入“全程分類，整體推進”的新階段。2019年7月1日，《上海市生活垃圾管理條例》正式施行，為垃圾分類全程體系建設提供法治保障。目前，上海已基本形成“黨建引領、規劃先行、政府推動、市場運作、社會參與”的生活垃圾分類工作新格局，分類實效正在逐步提升。

推行垃圾分類，關鍵是要加強科學管理、形成長效機制、推動習慣養成。上海生活垃圾分類的主要經驗，就是通過完善的頂層設計、良好的制度保障、完備的標準體系來指導實踐，推動建立生活垃圾分類投放、分類收集、分類運輸、分類處理的全程管理體系，形成以法治為基礎、政府推動、全民參與、城鄉統籌、因地制宜的垃圾分類制度。