Mutual learning among civilizations

Mutual learning among civilizations means that different civilizations, following different paths and at different development levels, learn from each other and draw on the strengths of each other, to achieve common improvement. 

Exchanges and mutual learning sustain civilizations, and such exchanges and mutual learning should be reciprocal, equal-footed, diversified and multidimensional; they should not be coercive, imposed, one-dimensional or one-way. Countries must be broad-minded and strive to remove all barriers to cultural exchanges and they must be inclusive and always seek nourishment from other civilizations to promote common development of civilizations through exchanges and mutual learning.

In his keynote speech at the opening of the Second Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation, in April 2018, Xi Jinping reiterated the importance of mutual learning among civilizations. He said: We need to build bridges for exchanges and mutual learning among cultures, expand cooperation in education, science, culture, sports, tourism, health and archeology, and strengthen exchanges between parliaments, political parties, NGOs, women, young people and people with disabilities in order to facilitate multifaceted people-to-people exchanges.

互學互鑒

互學互鑒是指在尊重文明多樣性、道路多樣化和發展水平不平衡等差異的基礎上相互學習、相互借鑒，取長補短、共同提高。交流互鑒是文明發展的本質要求，文明交流互鑒應該是對等的、平等的，多元的、多向的，而不應該是強制的、強迫的，單一的、單向的。各國應該以寬廣的胸懷打破文化交往的壁壘，以兼收并蓄的態度汲取其他文明的養分，促進文明在交流互鑒中共同前進。

2019年4月，習近平在第二屆“一帶一路”國際合作高峰論壇開幕式上的主旨演講中強調了加強文明互學互鑒的重要性。他指出，我們要積極架設不同文明互學互鑒的橋梁，深入開展教育、科學、文化、體育、旅游、衛生、考古等各領域人文合作，加強議會、政黨、民間組織往來，密切婦女、青年、殘疾人等群體交流，形成多元互動的人文交流格局。