中央統(tǒng)籌、省負(fù)總責(zé)、市縣抓落實(shí)
脫貧攻堅(jiān)戰(zhàn)建立了分工明確、體系嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)念I(lǐng)導(dǎo)責(zé)任制，為各層級(jí)、各部門參與脫貧攻堅(jiān)建立了基礎(chǔ)性的工作機(jī)制。2015年6月，習(xí)近平要求強(qiáng)化扶貧開發(fā)工作領(lǐng)導(dǎo)責(zé)任制，把中央統(tǒng)籌、省負(fù)總責(zé)、市（地）縣抓落實(shí)的管理體制落到實(shí)處。2015年11月，《中共中央 國(guó)務(wù)院關(guān)于打贏脫貧攻堅(jiān)戰(zhàn)的決定》要求“強(qiáng)化脫貧攻堅(jiān)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)責(zé)任制”。2016年10月，中共中央辦公廳、國(guó)務(wù)院辦公廳印發(fā)《脫貧攻堅(jiān)責(zé)任制實(shí)施辦法》。由此，脫貧攻堅(jiān)“中央統(tǒng)籌、省負(fù)總責(zé)、市縣抓落實(shí)”的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)責(zé)任制基本形成，并在不斷完善中為打贏脫貧攻堅(jiān)戰(zhàn)提供堅(jiān)實(shí)保障。
在這一體制下，中共中央、國(guó)務(wù)院主要負(fù)責(zé)統(tǒng)籌制定扶貧開發(fā)大政方針，出臺(tái)重大政策舉措，規(guī)劃重大工程項(xiàng)目。省（自治區(qū)、直轄市）黨委和政府對(duì)扶貧開發(fā)工作負(fù)總責(zé)，需要結(jié)合省情，抓好目標(biāo)確定、項(xiàng)目下達(dá)、資金投放、組織動(dòng)員、監(jiān)督考核等工作。市（地）黨委和政府的主要職責(zé)在于做好上下銜接、域內(nèi)協(xié)調(diào)、督促檢查工作，把精力集中在貧困縣如期摘帽上。縣級(jí)黨委和政府承擔(dān)主體責(zé)任，書記和縣長(zhǎng)是第一責(zé)任人，需要結(jié)合縣域?qū)嶋H，做好進(jìn)度安排、項(xiàng)目落地、資金使用、人力調(diào)配、推進(jìn)實(shí)施等工作。
A Mechanism of Defined Responsibilities
China has established a system of leadership with clearly defined responsibilities for officials at different levels to ensure victory over poverty.
Xi Jinping in June 2015 instructed that the system for leadership responsibilities in poverty alleviation and development be reinforced, whereby the central leadership makes overall plans, provincial authorities take overall responsibility, and city and county authorities take charge of implementation. The Decision on Winning the Battle Against Poverty, in November 2015, made a similar requirement. In October 2016, the central authorities released the Regulations on Poverty Alleviation Responsibilities, marking the formalization of the said leadership system.
Under this system, the CPC Central Committee and the State Council are responsible for formulating major principles, strategies, policies and measures, and devising major projects. The Party committees and governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities take overall responsibility for development-oriented poverty alleviation, and based on local conditions, they will set goals, assign projects, allocate funds, mobilize the public, and supervise and evaluate relevant implementation. The Party committees and governments of cities (prefectures) are responsible for coordinating the work as a major link between higher authorities and counties at lower levels in their respective jurisdictions, and scrutinizing relevant work and progress. Their primary task is to ensure their poor counties escape poverty as scheduled. The Party committees and governments of counties take on the duties as major actors in poverty alleviation, and their Party secretaries and mayors are to assume main responsibility for the work. Based on the conditions in their counties, they set the schedule, make good use of funds, coordinate labor distribution, and urge progress in relevant work and projects.
