Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank
The idea of creating a new multilateral bank, the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB), was first evoked by Xi Jinping in October 2013. After more than 800 days of combined preparatory efforts by 57 countries, the AIIB was formally established, in accordance with China’s proposal, on December 25, 2015 in Beijing. The bank held its opening ceremony on January 16, 2016.
The AIIB is a regional inter-governmental development institution focused on supporting infrastructure development. It is the first multinational financial institution to be sponsored by China. By the end of January 2019, it had a total of 93 members – second only to the membership of the World Bank – including most UN Security Council permanent members and G20 members.
Focusing on infrastructure connectivity, the AIIB has approved loans worth US$7.5 billion to 13 countries in east, southeast, south, central and west Asia and Africa, attracting nearly US$40 billion of other investment into relevant infrastructure projects.
As a multilateral development bank, the AIIB operates according to its own standards. All countries along the Belt and Road can obtain loans, provided that their projects (a) are financially viable, (b) are environmentally friendly, and (c) have the support of local communities.
Among other sectors, the bank is initially investing in energy and electricity, transport, telecommunications, rural and agricultural infrastructure, water supply and sewerage, environmental protection, urban development, and logistics.
亞洲基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施投資銀行
2013年 10 月，習(xí)近平提出了籌建亞洲基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施投資銀行（簡(jiǎn)稱“亞投行”）的倡議。在歷經(jīng)800 余天籌備后，由中國(guó)倡議成立、57 國(guó)共同籌建的亞投行于 2015 年 12 月 25 日在北京宣告成立。2016 年 1 月 16 日，亞投行舉行了開業(yè)儀式。亞投行是一個(gè)政府間性質(zhì)的區(qū)域多邊開發(fā)機(jī)構(gòu)，重點(diǎn)支持基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)，這是首個(gè)由中國(guó)倡議設(shè)立的多邊金融機(jī)構(gòu)。截止到 2019年 1月，共有 93 個(gè)成員，總成員數(shù)僅次于世界銀行，涵蓋了聯(lián)合國(guó)安理會(huì)常任理事國(guó)和二十國(guó)集團(tuán)中的絕大多數(shù)成員國(guó)。幾年來(lái)，亞投行以基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施互聯(lián)互通項(xiàng)目為重點(diǎn)，累計(jì)批準(zhǔn)貸款75億美元，覆蓋東亞、東南亞、南亞、中亞、西亞、非洲等6個(gè)地區(qū)13個(gè)國(guó)家，撬動(dòng)其他投資近400億美元進(jìn)入相關(guān)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施投資項(xiàng)目。亞投行作為多邊開發(fā)銀行有其單獨(dú)的業(yè)務(wù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，“一帶一路”沿線國(guó)家都可以獲得亞投行的貸款，但必須滿足三個(gè)條件：一是金融可持續(xù)發(fā)展，二是項(xiàng)目要環(huán)保，三是項(xiàng)目受到該地區(qū)民眾的歡迎。亞投行初期投資的重點(diǎn)領(lǐng)域包括能源與電力、交通和電信、農(nóng)村和農(nóng)業(yè)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施、供水與污水處理、環(huán)境保護(hù)、城市發(fā)展以及物流等。