Jinggangshan is known as the birthplace of the Chinese Red Army (the People's Liberation Army of China) and the "cradle of the Chinese revolution." After the Kuomintang (KMT) turned against the Communist Party during the Shanghai Massacre of 1927, the Communists either went underground or fled to the countryside. Following the Autumn Harvest Uprising in Changsha, Mao Zedong led his 1,000 remaining men to Jinggangshan, where he set up his first peasant soviet.