新時(shí)代黨的治藏方略的實(shí)踐及其歷史性成就

（2023年11月）

中華人民共和國(guó)

國(guó)務(wù)院新聞辦公室

CPC Policies on the Governance of Xizang in the New Era: 
Approach and Achievements                

The State Council Information Office of 

the People's Republic of China

November 2023

目錄

Contents

前言

Foreword

一、新發(fā)展理念全面貫徹

I. Full Implementation of the New Development Philosophy

——經(jīng)濟(jì)持續(xù)健康快速發(fā)展

——基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)全面加強(qiáng)

——絕對(duì)貧困得到歷史性消除

——共同富裕程度顯著提升

– Sustainable, sound and rapid economic development

– Improved infrastructure

– Eradication of absolute poverty

– Promotion of common prosperity

二、精神文明建設(shè)成效明顯

II. Notable Achievements in Cultural and Ethical Development

——社會(huì)主流價(jià)值廣為弘揚(yáng)

——優(yōu)秀傳統(tǒng)文化煥發(fā)活力

——公共文化事業(yè)蓬勃發(fā)展

——文化產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展勢(shì)頭良好

– Promotion of mainstream social values

– Revitalization of fine traditional culture

– Vigorous development of public cultural undertakings

– Sound development of the cultural industry

三、民族宗教工作扎實(shí)推進(jìn)

III. Solid Progress in Ethnic and Religious Undertakings

——中華民族共同體意識(shí)不斷鑄牢

——民族團(tuán)結(jié)進(jìn)步持續(xù)鞏固

——宗教信仰自由充分保障

——藏傳佛教活動(dòng)健康有序

– Heightening the sense of Chinese identity

– Further promoting ethnic solidarity and progress

– Fully guaranteeing the freedom of religious belief

– Conducting Tibetan Buddhist activities in an orderly manner

四、社會(huì)大局持續(xù)安定向好

IV. Sustained and Stable Social Development

——社會(huì)事業(yè)全面進(jìn)步

——平安西藏建設(shè)卓有成效

——治理現(xiàn)代化水平明顯提升

——固邊興邊工作穩(wěn)步推進(jìn)

– All-round progress of social undertakings

– Steady achievements in building a safe Xizang

– Considerable improvement in social governance

– Steady progress in safeguarding and developing border areas

五、生態(tài)安全屏障日益堅(jiān)實(shí)

V. Stronger Eco-Environmental Security Barrier

——生態(tài)環(huán)境持續(xù)保持良好

——生態(tài)保護(hù)與經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)相適宜

——生態(tài)文明高地加快建設(shè)

——美麗西藏建設(shè)釋放生態(tài)紅利

– Sound eco-environment

– Complementary eco-environmental protection and economic development

– New measures to accelerate eco-environmental progress

– Eco-environmental dividends

六、民主法治建設(shè)不斷加強(qiáng)

VI. Strengthening Democracy and the Rule of Law

——社會(huì)主義民主建設(shè)深入推進(jìn)

——民族區(qū)域自治制度全面實(shí)施

——依法治藏工作取得重大進(jìn)展

– Continuous progress in advancing socialist democracy

– Full implementation of regional ethnic autonomy

– Marked progress in the governance of Xizang in accordance with the law

結(jié)束語(yǔ)

Conclusion

前言

Foreword

黨的十八大以來(lái)，以習(xí)近平同志為核心的黨中央堅(jiān)持以人民為中心的發(fā)展思想，站在實(shí)現(xiàn)中華民族偉大復(fù)興的戰(zhàn)略高度，著眼于西藏同全國(guó)一道實(shí)現(xiàn)全面小康和現(xiàn)代化，高度重視西藏發(fā)展，親切關(guān)懷西藏人民。黨中央先后召開(kāi)第六次、第七次西藏工作座談會(huì)，明確提出做好西藏工作的指導(dǎo)思想、總體要求和重點(diǎn)任務(wù)，為推進(jìn)西藏長(zhǎng)治久安和高質(zhì)量發(fā)展、實(shí)現(xiàn)西藏各族人民對(duì)美好生活的向往、建設(shè)社會(huì)主義現(xiàn)代化新西藏指明了方向。

Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China (CPC) held in 2012, the CPC Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core has practiced a people-centered approach to development. With a strategic vision to rejuvenate the Chinese nation, and to ensure that the Xizang Autonomous Region will realize moderate prosperity and modernization together with the rest of the country, the CPC Central Committee has attached great importance to the development of Xizang and focused its attention on the people in the region. The CPC Central Committee held the sixth and seventh national meetings on Xizang in 2015 and 2020 respectively, at which it established the guiding principles, overall requirements and priority tasks, pointing the way to lasting stability and quality development, meeting the people's aspirations for a better life, and realizing socialist modernization in the region.

中央第七次西藏工作座談會(huì)確立了新時(shí)代黨的治藏方略，并將其概括為“十個(gè)必須”：必須堅(jiān)持中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨領(lǐng)導(dǎo)、堅(jiān)持中國(guó)特色社會(huì)主義制度、堅(jiān)持民族區(qū)域自治制度，必須堅(jiān)持治國(guó)必治邊、治邊先穩(wěn)藏的戰(zhàn)略思想，必須把維護(hù)祖國(guó)統(tǒng)一、加強(qiáng)民族團(tuán)結(jié)作為西藏工作的著眼點(diǎn)和著力點(diǎn)，必須堅(jiān)持依法治藏、富民興藏、長(zhǎng)期建藏、凝聚人心、夯實(shí)基礎(chǔ)的重要原則，必須統(tǒng)籌國(guó)內(nèi)國(guó)際兩個(gè)大局，必須把改善民生、凝聚人心作為經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展的出發(fā)點(diǎn)和落腳點(diǎn)，必須促進(jìn)各民族交往交流交融，必須堅(jiān)持我國(guó)宗教中國(guó)化方向、依法管理宗教事務(wù)，必須堅(jiān)持生態(tài)保護(hù)第一，必須加強(qiáng)黨的建設(shè)特別是政治建設(shè)。

The seventh National Meeting on Xizang has outlined the CPC guidelines for governing Xizang in the new era as follows:

? Uphold CPC leadership, socialism with Chinese characteristics, and the system of regional ethnic autonomy;

? Adhere to the strategy that stability in Xizang is paramount in the governance of the border areas and the country as a whole;

? Focus on safeguarding national unification and strengthening ethnic unity;

? Govern Xizang in accordance with the law, bring prosperity to Xizang and its residents, unite them in one mind, and lay a solid foundation for its long-term growth;

? Address both domestic and international imperatives;

? Focus on improving people's lives and strengthening unity in socio-economic development;

? Facilitate ethnic exchanges, communication and integration;

? Adapt religion to China's realities, and handle religious affairs in accordance with the law;

? Prioritize eco-environmental protection;

? Strengthen the Party, especially its political foundations.

新時(shí)代黨的治藏方略，立足中國(guó)特色社會(huì)主義實(shí)踐和西藏工作實(shí)際，深刻揭示了西藏工作的內(nèi)在規(guī)律，科學(xué)回答了一系列方向性、全局性、戰(zhàn)略性問(wèn)題，是中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人民治藏穩(wěn)藏興藏成功經(jīng)驗(yàn)的總結(jié)提煉和創(chuàng)新發(fā)展，是習(xí)近平新時(shí)代中國(guó)特色社會(huì)主義思想關(guān)于西藏工作的集中體現(xiàn)，為做好西藏工作提供了根本遵循。

These guidelines, grounded on the practice of socialism with Chinese characteristics and the actual situation of Xizang, demonstrate a keen understanding of work related to Xizang. They encapsulate the CPC's past successes in stabilizing Xizang and its plans for future development. Embodying Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, these guidelines provide answers to a series of questions on the future direction and strategy in governing Xizang and are to be followed in all undertakings related to the region.

在新時(shí)代黨的治藏方略引領(lǐng)下，在全國(guó)人民大力支持下，西藏各族干部群眾團(tuán)結(jié)奮斗，各項(xiàng)事業(yè)取得全方位進(jìn)步、歷史性成就。西藏社會(huì)大局持續(xù)穩(wěn)定向好、經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)全面快速發(fā)展、人民生活水平不斷提高、民族和睦宗教和順、文化事業(yè)繁榮進(jìn)步、生態(tài)安全屏障日益堅(jiān)實(shí)、邊疆鞏固邊境安全、黨的建設(shè)全面加強(qiáng)，與全國(guó)人民一道迎來(lái)了從站起來(lái)、富起來(lái)到強(qiáng)起來(lái)的偉大飛躍，踏上了全面建設(shè)社會(huì)主義現(xiàn)代化國(guó)家新征程。

Following the CPC's guidelines for governing Xizang in the new era, and with nationwide support, officials and the peoples of the various ethnic groups in the autonomous region have worked together and achieved all-round progress and historic success in various undertakings. Significant progress has been made in stabilizing the social environment, achieving rapid economic progress, and strengthening the Party organization in Xizang, which has led to a better life to its people, amity among all ethnic groups and religions, cultural prosperity, sound ecological systems, and secured borders. Together with the rest of the country, people in Xizang have witnessed the tremendous transformation of the Chinese nation from standing up and becoming prosperous to growing in strength, and are now embarking on a new journey of building a modern socialist country in all respects.

一、新發(fā)展理念全面貫徹

I. Full Implementation of the New Development Philosophy

人民對(duì)美好生活的向往，就是中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨矢志不渝的奮斗目標(biāo)。西藏認(rèn)真踐行以人民為中心的發(fā)展思想，全面貫徹創(chuàng)新、協(xié)調(diào)、綠色、開(kāi)放、共享的新發(fā)展理念，聚焦發(fā)展不平衡不充分的問(wèn)題，優(yōu)化產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)布局，培育內(nèi)生動(dòng)力，徹底擺脫了束縛千百年的絕對(duì)貧困問(wèn)題，“十三五”發(fā)展目標(biāo)如期完成，經(jīng)濟(jì)總量不斷邁上新臺(tái)階。

The main driver of the CPC's endeavors is the people's aspirations for a better life. Xizang has followed the people-centered approach to development and applied the new development philosophy of innovative, coordinated, green, open and shared development in full. It is addressing imbalanced and insufficient development, optimizing the industrial structure, and boosting growth. Xizang had long been plagued by poverty, but absolute poverty has now been eradicated. The region has now achieved all objectives for development set in the 13th Five-year Plan (2016-2020) as scheduled, and the economy is robust.

——經(jīng)濟(jì)持續(xù)健康快速發(fā)展

– Sustainable, sound and rapid economic development

經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展態(tài)勢(shì)良好。西藏緊緊圍繞使市場(chǎng)在資源配置中起決定性作用和更好發(fā)揮政府作用，深化經(jīng)濟(jì)體制改革，統(tǒng)籌做好穩(wěn)增長(zhǎng)、促改革、調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)、惠民生、防風(fēng)險(xiǎn)、保穩(wěn)定各項(xiàng)工作，經(jīng)濟(jì)活躍度不斷提升。2022年全區(qū)地區(qū)生產(chǎn)總值達(dá)到2132.64億元，按不變價(jià)計(jì)算，比2012年增長(zhǎng)1.28倍，年均增長(zhǎng)8.6%，經(jīng)濟(jì)增速位居全國(guó)前列。產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)日趨合理，自我發(fā)展能力顯著增強(qiáng)。

The economy has witnessed solid and steady growth. Seeing that the market plays the decisive role in the allocation of resources and the government better fulfills its functions, Xizang has extended the reform of the economic system, and coordinated the tasks of sustaining growth, promoting reform, making structural changes, improving people's lives, preventing risks, and ensuring social stability. As a result, the economy is growing more dynamic. In 2022 Xizang's GDP reached RMB213.26 billion, an increase by a factor of 2.28 compared with that in 2012 at constant prices, representing an average annual growth rate of 8.6 percent. Its economic growth rate ranked among the highest in China. The industrial structure is being rationalized and the capacity for endogenous development has been significantly increased.

特色農(nóng)業(yè)優(yōu)質(zhì)發(fā)展。重點(diǎn)發(fā)展青稞產(chǎn)業(yè)、優(yōu)質(zhì)畜牧業(yè)、設(shè)施農(nóng)業(yè)，告別靠天吃飯、靠天養(yǎng)畜的老路。一大批優(yōu)質(zhì)青稞糧油生產(chǎn)、無(wú)公害蔬菜種植、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化奶牛規(guī)模養(yǎng)殖、牦牛藏羊養(yǎng)殖等農(nóng)牧業(yè)特色產(chǎn)業(yè)基地建成。2022年，農(nóng)畜產(chǎn)品加工業(yè)總產(chǎn)值達(dá)到60億元。

High-quality development has been realized in agricultural industries that leverage local strengths. Developing highland barley industry, high-quality animal husbandry, and protected agriculture have been treated as priorities. The days are gone when the Tibetan people lived at the mercy of the elements. A large number of industrial bases have been built for agriculture and animal husbandry adapted to local conditions, such as the cultivation of high-quality highland barley, the production of edible oil, pollution-free vegetable planting, standardized dairy cattle scale farming, and yak and Tibetan sheep farming. In 2022, the total output value of farm and livestock products processing reached RMB6 billion.

工業(yè)發(fā)展富有成效。第二產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展勢(shì)頭強(qiáng)勁，建立起富有當(dāng)?shù)靥厣默F(xiàn)代工業(yè)體系。2012年至2022年，工業(yè)增加值增長(zhǎng)1.77倍，產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈深度和廣度不斷延伸。2022年，規(guī)模以上工業(yè)企業(yè)數(shù)量比上年增長(zhǎng)1.1%，高新技術(shù)企業(yè)達(dá)15家。

Progress has been made in industrial development. Secondary industry has achieved strong growth, and a modern industrial system with local characteristics has been established. From 2012 to 2022, the added value of industry increased by a factor of 2.77, and both the depth and breadth of industrial chains were extended. In 2022 the number of industrial enterprises of designated size (enterprises with a turnover exceeding RMB20 million per annum) expanded by 1.1 percent over the previous year, and the number of hi-tech firms reached 15.

第三產(chǎn)業(yè)活力增強(qiáng)。在中央支持下著力推動(dòng)重要世界旅游目的地建設(shè)，拉薩雪頓節(jié)、日喀則珠峰文化旅游節(jié)、山南雅礱文化旅游節(jié)、林芝桃花節(jié)、那曲羌塘恰青賽馬藝術(shù)節(jié)等成為重要的旅游品牌。2012年至2022年，接待旅游人數(shù)從1058.39萬(wàn)人次增加到3002.76萬(wàn)人次，旅游收入從126.48億元增加到407.07億元，增長(zhǎng)2.2倍。山南市乃東區(qū)昌珠鎮(zhèn)扎西曲登社區(qū)將雪巴藏戲與民宿旅游結(jié)合起來(lái)，走出致富新路。藏戲傳承人尼瑪次仁說(shuō)：“舊社會(huì)，我們跳藏戲是為了讓農(nóng)奴主高興，而今天表演，是為了讓我們自己和更多人過(guò)上美好日子。”

There is greater vitality in the tertiary industry. With the support of the central government, Xizang is being transformed into a world-class tourist destination. The Tibetan Shoton Festival in Lhasa, Mount Qomolangma Cultural Tourism Festival in Xigaze, Yalong Cultural Tourism Festival in Shannan, Nyingchi Peach Blossom Festival, and Nagqu Horse Racing Festival have all become flagship tourist attractions. From 2012 to 2022, the number of tourists to Xizang climbed from 10.58 million to 30.03 million, with revenues from tourism surging by a factor of 3.2 from RMB12.65 billion to RMB40.71 billion. Zhaxi Qoiden community of Changzhu Township in the city of Shannan is a base for promoting Yalong Zhaxi Xoiba Tibetan Opera, an item on the national intangible cultural heritage list. As more tourists go to the community to appreciate the opera, locals have begun to operate household hotels, which have become a major source of income. Nima Tsering, a leading performer of Tibetan Opera, said: "In the old days, we performed Tibetan Opera to please the serf owners. Today, we do it to help ourselves and others live a better life."

改革創(chuàng)新縱深推進(jìn)。深化農(nóng)村土地制度改革，重點(diǎn)健全承包土地合同管理、經(jīng)營(yíng)權(quán)流轉(zhuǎn)管理、權(quán)屬登記管理等制度。2014年，曲水縣白堆村農(nóng)牧民群眾領(lǐng)取到不動(dòng)產(chǎn)權(quán)證書(shū)（土地承包經(jīng)營(yíng)權(quán)），這是西藏歷史上首次為農(nóng)戶(hù)農(nóng)村土地頒證。實(shí)施新型農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)營(yíng)主體培育工程，家庭農(nóng)場(chǎng)、農(nóng)牧民專(zhuān)業(yè)合作社等逐步發(fā)揮其在農(nóng)村改革中的示范引領(lǐng)作用。持續(xù)推進(jìn)國(guó)企國(guó)資改革，做強(qiáng)做優(yōu)做大國(guó)有資本，2022年，全區(qū)國(guó)有企業(yè)資產(chǎn)總額較2012年增長(zhǎng)13.05倍。優(yōu)化稅收營(yíng)商環(huán)境，推進(jìn)“證照分離”改革，深化“減證便民”，壓縮企業(yè)開(kāi)辦時(shí)間。西藏各類(lèi)市場(chǎng)主體從2012年的12.44萬(wàn)戶(hù)發(fā)展到2022年的43.76萬(wàn)戶(hù)。創(chuàng)新驅(qū)動(dòng)發(fā)展，數(shù)字經(jīng)濟(jì)增加值增長(zhǎng)10%以上。

Further progress has been made in reform and innovation. To expand reform of the rural land system, a significant effort has been invested in improving the management systems of land contracts, the transfer of rural land use rights, and ownership registration. In 2014, farmers and herders in Baidui Village of Quxu County received their immovable property rights certificates, which means they have the right to use contracted land. This was the first time in the history of Xizang that land certificates had been issued to villagers. A project developing new types of agricultural business entity is under way, and the leading role of family farms and professional cooperatives has been given full play in rural reform.

Reform of state-owned enterprises and state capital has been extended and efforts have been made to strengthen, expand, and increase the returns on state capital. By 2022 the total assets of state-owned enterprises in Xizang had increased by a factor of 14.05 compared with 2012. The tax and business environment has been optimized. Reform of the system separating operating permits from business licenses has been advanced to simplify procedures and to reduce time for business registration. The number of different market entities in Xizang has grown from 124,400 in 2012 to 437,600 in 2022. Innovation drives development. The added value of Xizang's digital economy has increased by more than 10 percent.

投資金融進(jìn)一步惠及民生。2012年至2022年，中央財(cái)政補(bǔ)貼累計(jì)達(dá)1.73萬(wàn)億元。在國(guó)家財(cái)政支持下，全社會(huì)固定資產(chǎn)投資從2012年到2022年增長(zhǎng)2.33倍。投資重點(diǎn)放在增強(qiáng)西藏經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展基礎(chǔ)和自我發(fā)展能力的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施、公共服務(wù)等領(lǐng)域，在不同時(shí)期相繼安排一大批關(guān)系西藏長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)發(fā)展和人民生活的重大工程項(xiàng)目，極大改善了人民生產(chǎn)生活條件。招商引資累計(jì)到位資金4650億元，民間投資活力增強(qiáng)。金融機(jī)構(gòu)組織體系持續(xù)改善，逐步形成銀行、證券、保險(xiǎn)等多層次、多元化、多功能的金融組織體系，金融支持經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展作用明顯增強(qiáng)。

Investment and financial services have brought more benefits to the people. From 2012 to 2022, a total of RMB1.73 trillion in financial subsidies from the central government went to Xizang. With the financial support of the state, investment in fixed assets increased by a factor of 3.33 times between 2012 and 2022. The investment focused on infrastructure, public services and other fields that could reinforce the foundations of Xizang's economic and endogenous development. A large number of major engineering projects related to long-term development have been set up over time, greatly improving the people's working and living conditions. A total of RMB465 billion has been invested. Private investments are thriving. The system of financial institutions continues to improve, and a multi-level, diverse, and multi-functional financial system has taken shape for banking, securities, insurance, and other relevant activities. The role of finance in supporting economic and social development has expanded significantly.

區(qū)域交流合作持續(xù)深化。加強(qiáng)與周邊地區(qū)交流合作，積極融入成渝地區(qū)雙城經(jīng)濟(jì)圈、大香格里拉經(jīng)濟(jì)圈、陜甘寧青經(jīng)濟(jì)圈、長(zhǎng)江經(jīng)濟(jì)帶等周邊經(jīng)濟(jì)圈，努力打造面向南亞開(kāi)放的重要通道。啟動(dòng)通關(guān)一體化改革，南亞標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化（拉薩）研究中心掛牌成立。吉隆邊境經(jīng)濟(jì)合作區(qū)獲國(guó)務(wù)院批準(zhǔn)設(shè)立，拉薩綜合保稅區(qū)通過(guò)國(guó)家驗(yàn)收。吉隆口岸擴(kuò)大開(kāi)放為國(guó)際性公路口岸，實(shí)現(xiàn)中尼雙邊開(kāi)放。2022年，西藏外貿(mào)進(jìn)出口總值46.01億元，貿(mào)易伙伴遍及95個(gè)國(guó)家和地區(qū)。中國(guó)西藏發(fā)展論壇、西藏智庫(kù)國(guó)際論壇、中國(guó)西藏旅游文化國(guó)際博覽會(huì)、跨喜馬拉雅國(guó)際自行車(chē)極限賽等，已成為推動(dòng)西藏與世界各地交流互鑒、合作發(fā)展的重要平臺(tái)。

Exchange and cooperation with other parts of the country and the world has been strengthened. Exchange and cooperation with neighboring regions has been strengthened. Xizang has actively integrated itself into regional economic circles, including the Chengdu-Chongqing Economic Circle, the greater Shangri-La Economic Circle, the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia-Qinghai Economic Circle, and the Yangtze River Economic Belt. It has worked to transform itself into a vital channel for the country's increasing opening up towards South Asia. Integrated reform of customs clearance has been launched, and the South Asia Standardization (Lhasa) Research Center has been established. The Gyirong cross-border economic cooperation zone was set up with the approval of the State Council. The comprehensive bonded zone in Lhasa has passed acceptance review. Gyirong Port has been expanded as an international highway port, realizing the bilateral opening up of China and Nepal. In 2022, the total value of Xizang's foreign trade stood at RMB4.6 billion, and its trading partners covered 95 countries and regions. Events such as the Forum on the Development of Xizang, International Symposium of the Xizang Think Tank, China Xizang Tourism and Culture Expo, and the Trans-Himalaya International Extreme Cycling Race have become important platforms for promoting exchanges, mutual learning and cooperation between Xizang and the rest of the world.

援藏工作成效顯著。堅(jiān)持不懈執(zhí)行對(duì)口援藏政策，從1994年至2022年，先后有10批共11900名援藏干部人才奮戰(zhàn)在高原各地。不斷加強(qiáng)同各對(duì)口援藏省市的協(xié)調(diào)，探索與援藏省市和中央企業(yè)協(xié)同發(fā)展、產(chǎn)業(yè)合作以及援藏工作管理新模式，統(tǒng)籌融合經(jīng)濟(jì)援藏、產(chǎn)業(yè)援藏、科技援藏、就業(yè)援藏、扶貧援藏等，以及醫(yī)療、教育人才“組團(tuán)式”援藏，實(shí)現(xiàn)從給資金、建項(xiàng)目的“輸血式”幫扶，逐步向產(chǎn)業(yè)培育、技術(shù)支持、人才培養(yǎng)等的“造血式”幫扶轉(zhuǎn)變。僅“十三五”期間，17個(gè)省市規(guī)劃安排援藏項(xiàng)目就達(dá)1260個(gè)，完成總投資200億元。

Nationwide support for Xizang development has delivered remarkable results. Paired-up assistance from other parts of the country has made consistent progress. Between 1994 and 2022, a total of 11,900 officials and professionals were dispatched in ten groupings to assist Xizang. Coordination among provinces, cities and state-owned enterprises that assist Xizang has been intensified, and new models have been piloted in coordinated development, industrial cooperation, and management of paired-up assistance. Efforts have been made to coordinate assistance in the forms of financial aid, technical support, poverty alleviation, and facilitation of industrial development and employment, as well as sending teams of medical and educational professionals. The model of assistance has changed from one mainly relying on external support, such as providing funds and launching projects, to a self-sustaining model including developing industries, offering technical support, and nurturing talent. During the 13th Five-year Plan period (2016-2020), 17 provinces and municipalities launched 1,260 projects to assist Xizang, representing a total investment of RMB20 billion.

——基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)全面加強(qiáng)

– Improved infrastructure

交通設(shè)施建設(shè)超常規(guī)發(fā)展。以公路為基礎(chǔ)，鐵路、航空、管道運(yùn)輸協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展的綜合交通運(yùn)輸體系日益完善。2022年初，公路通車(chē)總里程突破12.14萬(wàn)公里，其中，高等級(jí)公路通車(chē)?yán)锍踢_(dá)到1105公里，形成了以20條國(guó)道為主骨架，以36條省道、邊防公路、農(nóng)村公路為基礎(chǔ)，基本輻射全區(qū)的公路網(wǎng)絡(luò)。鐵路營(yíng)業(yè)里程從2012年的701公里增加到2022年的1359公里，青藏鐵路格拉段完成擴(kuò)能改造，川藏鐵路雅安至林芝段全線(xiàn)開(kāi)工、拉薩至林芝段通車(chē)運(yùn)行，“復(fù)興號(hào)”開(kāi)進(jìn)西藏、開(kāi)到拉薩。2022年，管道運(yùn)輸量0.31億噸公里。西藏航空順利開(kāi)航運(yùn)營(yíng)。國(guó)際國(guó)內(nèi)航線(xiàn)達(dá)到154條，通航城市70個(gè)，民航西藏區(qū)局2022年旅客吞吐量達(dá)到334.6萬(wàn)人次。

There has been considerable progress in transport infrastructure. Based on highways and supplemented by railways, aviation, and pipelines, a comprehensive transport system has been developed and steadily improved. By early 2022, the total road length exceeded 121,400 km, including 1,105 km of high-grade highway. A road network covering the whole of Xizang has been formed, with 20 national highways as the foundation, supported by 36 provincial highways together with many border roads and rural roads. The railway network was extended from 701 km in 2012 to 1,359 km in 2022. The Golmud-Lhasa section of the Qinghai-Xizang Railway has been renovated. The Ya'an-Nyingchi section of the Sichuan-Xizang Railway is under construction, and the Lhasa-Nyingchi section has entered service. The Fuxing high-speed train series is now operating in Xizang and reaches as far as Lhasa. The pipeline network transported 31 million tonnes-km in 2022. Tibet Airlines has been successfully launched, with 154 international and domestic routes connecting 70 cities. In 2022, passenger throughput handled by the Xizang Autonomous Regional Administration of CAAC reached 3.35 million.

電網(wǎng)工程建設(shè)取得重大突破。西藏電力實(shí)現(xiàn)從緊缺限電到富余輸出的歷史性轉(zhuǎn)變。先后建成青藏、川藏、藏中、阿里4條“電力天路”和“三區(qū)三州”電網(wǎng)建設(shè)等重點(diǎn)項(xiàng)目，在世界屋脊織起一張安全可靠的“光明網(wǎng)”“民生網(wǎng)”和“幸福網(wǎng)”，形成覆蓋所有縣區(qū)和主要鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)的西藏統(tǒng)一電網(wǎng)，累計(jì)外送清潔電量130億千瓦時(shí)以上。通動(dòng)力電的行政村比重達(dá)到96.5%，用電量從2012年的28.84億千瓦時(shí)增長(zhǎng)到2022年的119.8億千瓦時(shí)，增幅連續(xù)多年保持全國(guó)前列。阿里與藏中電網(wǎng)聯(lián)網(wǎng)工程全線(xiàn)貫通，區(qū)內(nèi)電網(wǎng)聯(lián)為一體，結(jié)束了阿里電網(wǎng)長(zhǎng)期孤網(wǎng)運(yùn)行的歷史。

Major breakthroughs have been made in the construction of the power grid. Xizang has made a historic shift in electrical power from rationing to surplus output. The Qinghai-Xizang, Sichuan-Xizang, central Xizang, and Ngari electric transmission lines have been built. Major electricity grid projects in western and southwestern regions have provided Xizang with ample supply of power. A safe and reliable power grid covers all counties/districts and main towns/townships in Xizang. The grid, described by the local people as a "grid of light, livelihood and happiness", has transmitted more than 13 billion kWh of clean energy-generated electricity. Now, 96.5 percent of villages have access to three-phase power supply. Electricity consumption increased from 2.88 billion kWh in 2012 to 11.98 billion kWh in 2022, recording one of the fastest rates of growth in China for many years. The Ngari power grid, operating in isolation for a long time, has now been connected with the central Xizang power network, and thus becomes part of the integrated regional network.

水利設(shè)施建設(shè)取得嶄新進(jìn)展。“十三五”期間全口徑投資較“十二五”期間增長(zhǎng)52%，建成一批標(biāo)志性重大水利項(xiàng)目。拉洛工程入選全國(guó)有影響力十大水利工程，旁多、拉洛水利樞紐并網(wǎng)發(fā)電、灌區(qū)通水，湘河水利樞紐及配套灌區(qū)工程開(kāi)工建設(shè)。水利惠及更多民生，防洪減災(zāi)成效明顯，河湖生態(tài)持續(xù)改善，農(nóng)村飲水安全問(wèn)題得到有效解決，城鄉(xiāng)供水保障能力顯著提升。

Further progress has been made in water conservation facilities. During the 13th Five-year Plan period (2016-2020), total investment increased by 52 percent compared with the previous period, and several landmark water conservancy projects were completed. The Lalho project was selected as one of the top 10 water conservancy projects in China. The Pondo and Lalho water conservation projects are generating electricity and providing irrigation. The Xianghe River water conservation project and the supporting irrigation facilities are under construction. More local people are benefiting from water conservation. Flood control and disaster reduction efforts have become more effective and the eco-environment of Xizang's rivers and lakes has steadily improved. Safe drinking water is now available in most rural areas. The capacity to provide secure water supplies in urban and rural areas has been significantly increased.

數(shù)字基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)取得長(zhǎng)足發(fā)展。自治區(qū)電子政務(wù)網(wǎng)、自治區(qū)統(tǒng)一基礎(chǔ)云平臺(tái)、自治區(qū)大數(shù)據(jù)控制中心基本建成，積極融入“東數(shù)西算”布局，西藏首個(gè)云計(jì)算中心建成，并獲評(píng)國(guó)家綠色數(shù)據(jù)中心。累計(jì)建成5G基站8099座、光纜線(xiàn)路近31.26萬(wàn)公里。5G網(wǎng)絡(luò)實(shí)現(xiàn)縣區(qū)及重點(diǎn)鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)覆蓋，移動(dòng)信號(hào)覆蓋3A級(jí)以上景區(qū)，光纖寬帶、4G信號(hào)、廣播電視信號(hào)基本實(shí)現(xiàn)行政村全覆蓋。現(xiàn)代通信“云網(wǎng)融合”，實(shí)現(xiàn)尋常百姓與世界聯(lián)通。

Digital infrastructure has made remarkable progress. The autonomous region's e-government websites, unified basic cloud platform and big data control center are largely complete. Xizang has actively participated in the national move to channel more computing resources from its eastern areas to its less developed western regions. It has built its first cloud computing center, and received the title of national green data center. A total of 8,099 5G base stations and nearly 312,600 km of fiber-optic cables have been built. 5G networks now cover all counties/districts and main towns/townships in Xizang. All 3A-level (and above) scenic spots now have mobile signal coverage. Optical fiber broadband, 4G, radio and TV signals cover almost all administrative villages. Modern cloud and network integration has enabled local people to connect with the world online.

——絕對(duì)貧困得到歷史性消除

– Eradication of absolute poverty

脫貧攻堅(jiān)全面勝利。西藏始終堅(jiān)持精準(zhǔn)扶貧、精準(zhǔn)脫貧基本方略。落實(shí)“五個(gè)一批”脫貧措施，2019年底，累計(jì)實(shí)現(xiàn)62.8萬(wàn)建檔立卡貧困人口脫貧，74個(gè)貧困縣（區(qū)）全部摘帽，徹底擺脫了束縛西藏千百年的絕對(duì)貧困問(wèn)題。2022年脫貧人口人均收入達(dá)到1.38萬(wàn)元，年均增長(zhǎng)率高于農(nóng)村居民人均可支配收入增長(zhǎng)水平。脫貧群眾享有穩(wěn)定的吃、穿、住、學(xué)、醫(yī)等保障，享有更加和諧的安居樂(lè)業(yè)環(huán)境、更加均衡的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施條件和基本公共服務(wù)、更加完善的社會(huì)保障體系。

Xizang has eradicated absolute poverty. It has implemented five key measures – new economic activities, relocation from uninhabitable areas, recompense for eco-protection, education, and social assistance for basic needs – through which people have been lifted out of poverty. By the end of 2019, through the basic strategy of targeted poverty alleviation, the autonomous region had lifted 628,000 registered poor residents and 74 counties/districts out of poverty. This represented victory in the battle against extreme poverty that had plagued Xizang for thousands of years. The per-capita income of those lifted out of poverty reached RMB13,800 in 2022, growing faster than the per-capita disposal income of rural residents. Those people lifted out of poverty have reliable access to food, clothing, housing, education and medical care, more harmonious living and working conditions, more convenient infrastructure and basic public services, and a proper social security system.

鄉(xiāng)村振興加快實(shí)施。2021年以來(lái)，累計(jì)實(shí)施建設(shè)美麗宜居村300個(gè)，創(chuàng)建認(rèn)定美麗宜居示范村505個(gè)；建設(shè)高標(biāo)準(zhǔn)農(nóng)田，實(shí)施農(nóng)機(jī)深松整地作業(yè)，建設(shè)國(guó)家級(jí)畜禽養(yǎng)殖標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化示范創(chuàng)建場(chǎng)，農(nóng)牧綜合服務(wù)中心覆蓋所有鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)；新型農(nóng)村集體經(jīng)濟(jì)組織達(dá)6172個(gè)，帶動(dòng)農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)組織化和規(guī)模化水平提升；著力發(fā)展高原特色產(chǎn)業(yè)和綠色有機(jī)產(chǎn)業(yè)，創(chuàng)建優(yōu)勢(shì)特色產(chǎn)業(yè)集群4個(gè)、國(guó)家現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)園7個(gè)、農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)強(qiáng)鎮(zhèn)18個(gè)；脫貧攻堅(jiān)成果鞏固拓展，脫貧人口外出務(wù)工穩(wěn)定在20萬(wàn)人以上，建設(shè)非遺工坊173個(gè)，帶動(dòng)脫貧群眾實(shí)現(xiàn)居家就業(yè)、就近就業(yè)，譜寫(xiě)了新時(shí)代鄉(xiāng)村全面振興的西藏篇章。

Rural revitalization has accelerated. Since 2021, Xizang has built a total of 300 beautiful and livable villages and created and certified 505 demonstration villages. Efforts have been made to develop high-standard farmland through mechanical deep tillage, build state-level demonstration farms for standardized livestock and poultry husbandry, and provide all townships with comprehensive service centers for agriculture and animal husbandry. The number of new rural collective economic organizations reached 6,172, resulting in higher-level and larger-scale agricultural production. The region has developed local highland industries and green and organic farming. Xizang now hosts four special industrial clusters, seven modern agricultural industrial parks, and eighteen towns with strong farming industries. The region has consolidated and expanded the outcomes of the fight against poverty. More than 200,000 former victims of extreme poverty have found jobs outside their hometowns. A total of 173 intangible cultural heritage workshops have been built, offering opportunities for people who have been lifted out of poverty to work at or close to their homes. Xizang is turning a new page in all-around rural revitalization.

——共同富裕程度顯著提升

– Promotion of common prosperity

收入水平高速增長(zhǎng)。2022年，城鎮(zhèn)居民人均可支配收入由2012年的18363元提高到48753元，增長(zhǎng)1.7倍；農(nóng)村居民人均可支配收入由2012年的5698元提高到18209元，增長(zhǎng)2.2倍；城鄉(xiāng)居民收入比由2012年的3.22降低至2.67，收入差距持續(xù)縮小；全體居民人均可支配收入由2012年的8568元提高到26675元。自2015年起，全體居民人均可支配收入增速連續(xù)8年居全國(guó)首位。

Xizang has seen a rapid rise in incomes. By 2022, the per-capita disposable income of urban residents has risen to RMB48,753 from RMB18,363 in 2012, representing a 2.7-fold increase. The per-capita disposable income of rural residents more than tripled from RMB5,698 in 2012 to RMB18,209 in 2022. The income ratio between urban and rural residents dropped from 3.22 in 2012 to 2.67 in 2022, narrowing the income gap. The per-capita disposable income of the region's residents as a whole rose to RMB26,675 in 2022 from RMB8,568 in 2012, representing the country's highest growth rate for eight consecutive years since 2015.

消費(fèi)市場(chǎng)更加繁榮。2022年，社會(huì)消費(fèi)品零售總額726.52億元，比2012年的318.39億元增長(zhǎng)1.3倍。2022年，貨運(yùn)周轉(zhuǎn)量達(dá)130.88億噸公里，推動(dòng)產(chǎn)地和消費(fèi)地之間的有效銜接；全區(qū)郵政行業(yè)業(yè)務(wù)收入（不包括郵政儲(chǔ)蓄銀行直接營(yíng)業(yè)收入）完成7.44億元，郵政行業(yè)寄遞業(yè)務(wù)量完成17882.59萬(wàn)件，其中，快遞業(yè)務(wù)量完成1219.31萬(wàn)件。19家大型全國(guó)性電商和物流快遞企業(yè)陸續(xù)落戶(hù)，冷鏈倉(cāng)儲(chǔ)面積達(dá)11.3萬(wàn)平方米。市縣鄉(xiāng)村四級(jí)電商服務(wù)全面推開(kāi)，2022年，網(wǎng)上零售額達(dá)91.4億元。

The consumer market has been more buoyant. The retail sales of consumer goods increased by a factor of 2.3 from RMB31.84 billion in 2012 to RMB72.65 billion in 2022. In 2022, total freight turnover reached 13.09 billion tonnes-km, effectively expanding links between centers of production and centers of consumption. The revenue of Xizang's postal services (excluding direct revenue of postal savings banks) reached RMB744 million, and 178.83 million courier delivery packages had been handled in 2022, including 12.19 million express delivery packages. Nineteen large national e-commerce and express delivery businesses have settled in Xizang, and cold chain storage space stands at 113,000 square meters. E-commerce services are available at city, county, township and village levels. In 2022, online retail sales reached RMB9.14 billion.

二、精神文明建設(shè)成效明顯

II. Notable Achievements in Cultural and Ethical Development

全面貫徹新時(shí)代黨的治藏方略，需要各族人民堅(jiān)定信心，團(tuán)結(jié)奮斗，振奮精氣神，匯聚正能量。西藏大力弘揚(yáng)社會(huì)主義主流價(jià)值，積極傳承和保護(hù)民族優(yōu)秀傳統(tǒng)文化，大力推進(jìn)公共文化服務(wù)體系建設(shè)，繁榮文化事業(yè)，發(fā)展文化產(chǎn)業(yè)，使社會(huì)主義核心價(jià)值觀(guān)真正深入人心，更好滿(mǎn)足各族群眾精神文化生活新期盼。

We must make a concerted effort to fully implement CPC policies on the governance of Xizang in the new era and boost the morale and confidence of all ethnic groups. To better meet the new expectations of the people of all ethnic groups for a rich intellectual and cultural life, Xizang has vigorously promoted mainstream socialist values, inherited and protected its fine traditional culture, and developed a system of public cultural services. As a result, its cultural undertakings have flourished, its cultural industries have developed, and the core socialist values have taken root in the hearts of the people.

——社會(huì)主流價(jià)值廣為弘揚(yáng)

– Promotion of mainstream social values

核心價(jià)值觀(guān)引領(lǐng)綿綿用力。西藏堅(jiān)持用中國(guó)特色社會(huì)主義共同理想凝聚力量，印發(fā)《關(guān)于貫徹〈關(guān)于培育和踐行社會(huì)主義核心價(jià)值觀(guān)的意見(jiàn)〉實(shí)施意見(jiàn)》，把堅(jiān)持社會(huì)主義核心價(jià)值體系與學(xué)習(xí)貫徹習(xí)近平總書(shū)記系列重要講話(huà)精神結(jié)合起來(lái)、與貫徹落實(shí)中央重大方針政策和決策部署結(jié)合起來(lái)、與推進(jìn)西藏改革發(fā)展穩(wěn)定的實(shí)踐結(jié)合起來(lái)、與各項(xiàng)重大主題宣傳教育活動(dòng)結(jié)合起來(lái)，加強(qiáng)黨史、新中國(guó)史、改革開(kāi)放史、社會(huì)主義發(fā)展史、西藏地方與祖國(guó)關(guān)系史教育，幫助各族干部群眾樹(shù)立正確的國(guó)家觀(guān)、歷史觀(guān)、民族觀(guān)、文化觀(guān)、宗教觀(guān)，為建設(shè)社會(huì)主義新西藏注入強(qiáng)大精神動(dòng)力。

The guiding role of core values has been strengthened. Xizang has consistently built consensus and pooled strengths with the common ideal of building socialism with Chinese characteristics. It has issued the Decision on Implementing the Guidelines on Cultivating and Practicing the Core Socialist Values. The region has upheld the core socialist values, studied and implemented the essence of General Secretary Xi Jinping's speeches, and combined the core socialist values with the implementation of major policies, decisions and plans of the Party Central Committee, with the efforts in promoting reform, development and stability, and with major thematic publicity and educational campaigns. The region has increased educational activities on the history of the Party, the history of the PRC, the history of reform and opening up, the history of socialist development, and the history of the ties between Xizang as a region and the country as a whole, and helped officials and people of all ethnic groups in Xizang to develop a sound understanding of our nation and our country, and of history, culture and religion. This has all helped to inject strong impetus into the efforts to build a new socialist Xizang.

紅色文化教育發(fā)揚(yáng)光大。2021年，西藏百萬(wàn)農(nóng)奴解放紀(jì)念館新館建成。全國(guó)援藏展覽館、西藏自治區(qū)“兩路”精神紀(jì)念館、布達(dá)拉宮雪城系列展陳館、江孜抗英遺址、拉薩市林周農(nóng)場(chǎng)紅色遺址、尼木縣革命烈士陵園、波密縣扎木中心縣委紅樓、昌都市革命歷史博物館、江達(dá)縣崗?fù)惺塑娷姞I(yíng)舊址、改則縣進(jìn)藏先遣連紀(jì)念館等，命名為西藏自治區(qū)愛(ài)國(guó)主義教育基地，為社會(huì)主義核心價(jià)值觀(guān)的培育提供了更加豐富的站點(diǎn)基石。

Revolutionary culture and education have been promoted. In 2021, the building of a new memorial hall dedicated to the liberation of the million serfs in Xizang was completed. A number of exhibitions, museums and sites have been designated as education bases for patriotism, providing more resources for cultivating the core socialist values. They include the Aid-Tibet Exhibition Hall, the Memorial Hall on the Spirit of Builders of the Two Plateau Highways, the Potala Palace Snow City Series Exhibition Hall, the Site of the Battle Against British Invaders in Gyangze, the Revolutionary Site of Linzhou Farm in Lhasa, the Revolutionary Martyrs Cemetery of Nyemo County, the Red Building of the Party Committee of Zamu County (today's Bomi County), Chamdo Revolutionary History Museum, the Site of the People's Liberation Army (PLA) 18th Army Barracks of Gamtog in Jomda County, the Memorial Hall of the Advance Company of the PLA in Gertse County.

——優(yōu)秀傳統(tǒng)文化煥發(fā)活力

– Revitalization of fine traditional culture

歷史文化遺產(chǎn)得到有效保護(hù)。西藏現(xiàn)有中國(guó)歷史文化名城3座，中國(guó)歷史文化名鎮(zhèn)5個(gè)，中國(guó)歷史文化名村4個(gè)。80個(gè)村落列入中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)村落名錄，29個(gè)村寨獲評(píng)中國(guó)少數(shù)民族特色村寨。現(xiàn)已調(diào)查登記各類(lèi)文物點(diǎn)4468處，各級(jí)文物保護(hù)單位2373處，其中全國(guó)重點(diǎn)文物保護(hù)單位70處。布達(dá)拉宮歷史建筑群（含布達(dá)拉宮、羅布林卡、大昭寺）被列入《世界遺產(chǎn)名錄》。編制布達(dá)拉宮、羅布林卡、大昭寺、帕拉莊園等一批全國(guó)重點(diǎn)文物保護(hù)單位保護(hù)規(guī)劃，完成布達(dá)拉宮、羅布林卡等重大文物保護(hù)工程，實(shí)施文物保護(hù)專(zhuān)項(xiàng)監(jiān)測(cè)。完成薩迦寺、桑耶寺等重大文物保護(hù)工程，對(duì)平措林寺、托林寺、科迦寺等文物建筑和壁畫(huà)持續(xù)開(kāi)展保護(hù)修復(fù)，開(kāi)展同卡寺、查杰瑪大殿、色拉寺等珍貴文物預(yù)防性保護(hù)項(xiàng)目。2013年起，10萬(wàn)余件各類(lèi)珍貴文物在數(shù)字化建檔中得到更加科學(xué)的保護(hù)。在阿里噶爾縣故如甲木墓地進(jìn)行的考古挖掘，出土“王侯文鳥(niǎo)獸紋錦”和茶葉，充分證明早在1800多年前西藏西部就已通過(guò)絲綢之路與祖國(guó)其他地區(qū)建立了密切聯(lián)系。札達(dá)縣桑達(dá)隆果墓地考古發(fā)掘獲2020年度全國(guó)十大考古新發(fā)現(xiàn)。日益豐富的考古發(fā)現(xiàn)展現(xiàn)了中華文明的博大燦爛。

Historical and cultural heritage is under effective protection. Xizang now boasts three state-level historical and cultural cities, five such towns and four such villages. Eighty villages have been added to the List of Traditional Chinese Villages. Twenty-nine villages were awarded the title of ethnic-minority villages with cultural significance. A total of 4,468 sites of historical or cultural interest of all types have been examined, registered and protected by the local county or district government. Xizang has 2,373 cultural relics protection units under the protection of governments at different levels, 70 of which are key units under state protection. The Historic Ensemble of the Potala Palace, Lhasa (including the Potala Palace, Norbulingka, and Jokhang Temple) are registered on the World Heritage List. Xizang has formulated a protection plan for key cultural relics units under national-level protection including the Potala Palace, Norbulingka, Jokhang Temple, and Pala Manor. It has completed major protection projects including those on the Potala Palace and Norbulingka, and launched special actions to monitor cultural relics. A project dedicated to protecting important antiques in Sakya Monastery and Samye Monastery has been completed. Xizang is carrying out ongoing restorations to historical architecture and murals in Puncogling Monastery, Tolin Monastery, Khorzhak Monastery, among others. It also carries out projects to preserve precious sites of historical interest such as Tangkar Monastery, the main Hall of Riwoche Monastery, and Sera Monastery. Since 2013, over 100,000 precious cultural relics of all kinds have been carefully protected through digital archiving. The tea leaves and the brocade with characters meaning "marquis" and bird and animal patterns unearthed during archaeological excavations in the Gurujamu Cemetery in Gar County of Ngari Prefecture prove clearly that more than 1,800 years ago, western Xizang had already established close ties with other parts of the country through the ancient Silk Road. The archaeological excavation of Sangmda Lungga tomb site in Zanda County was named one of the top 10 new archaeological discoveries in China in 2020. The rich archaeological findings fully testify to the splendor of Chinese civilization.

藏醫(yī)藥得到傳承和創(chuàng)新發(fā)展。2019年，國(guó)家投資10億元用于西藏藏醫(yī)藥大學(xué)新校區(qū)建設(shè)，該校累計(jì)培養(yǎng)了7000余名藏醫(yī)藥專(zhuān)業(yè)人才。截至2022年初，西藏公立藏醫(yī)醫(yī)療機(jī)構(gòu)達(dá)49所，鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)衛(wèi)生院和村衛(wèi)生室藏醫(yī)藥服務(wù)覆蓋率分別達(dá)到94.4%和42.4%。藏醫(yī)藥產(chǎn)業(yè)體系基本形成，實(shí)現(xiàn)藏藥生產(chǎn)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化、規(guī)范化、規(guī)模化。先后整理出版300多部藏醫(yī)藥古籍文獻(xiàn)，收集珍貴古籍文本600多卷。藏醫(yī)藥學(xué)巨著《四部醫(yī)典》入選世界記憶亞太地區(qū)名錄。

Tibetan medicine has been protected and developed. In 2019, the state invested RMB1 billion in the construction of a new campus of the University of Tibetan Medicine, which has trained over 7,000 medicine professionals. As of early 2022, Xizang hosted 49 public institutions of Tibetan medicine; 94.4 percent of town/township health centers and 42.4 percent of village health clinics in the region provided Tibetan medicine services. Tibetan medicines are now being produced on a commercial basis, and the production of Tibetan medicine has been scaled up, standardized, and regulated. Over the years, more than 300 ancient documents on Tibetan medicine have been collated and published. More than 600 volumes of rare ancient books have been collected, and the Four Medical Classics, a masterpiece in Tibetan medicine, has been included in the Memory of the World Asia Pacific Regional Register.

藏文古籍文獻(xiàn)和非遺得到保護(hù)利用。2013年，國(guó)家組織實(shí)施《中華大典·藏文卷》重點(diǎn)文化工程，計(jì)劃用15年時(shí)間，出版從吐蕃時(shí)期至西藏和平解放前的藏文文獻(xiàn)典籍，這是我國(guó)保護(hù)和弘揚(yáng)藏族優(yōu)秀傳統(tǒng)文化的又一個(gè)標(biāo)志性工程。2012年至2022年，國(guó)家和自治區(qū)投入非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)保護(hù)資金3.25億余元，用于西藏非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)代表性項(xiàng)目保護(hù)、國(guó)家級(jí)非遺代表性傳承人記錄工作、開(kāi)展傳習(xí)活動(dòng)以及保護(hù)利用設(shè)施建設(shè)等。現(xiàn)有國(guó)家級(jí)非遺代表性項(xiàng)目106項(xiàng)、國(guó)家級(jí)非遺代表性傳承人96名，自治區(qū)級(jí)非遺代表性項(xiàng)目460項(xiàng)、自治區(qū)級(jí)非遺代表性傳承人522名。《格薩（斯）爾》、藏戲、藏醫(yī)藥浴法等已列入人類(lèi)非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)代表作名錄。

Tibetan classics and intangible cultural heritage (ICH) are under proper protection and utilization. In 2013, the state launched a priority cultural project – Library of Chinese Classics: Tibetan Volume. According to the plan, the project would take 15 years to collect and publish important Tibetan classics for the period from the Tubo Kingdom (618-842) to the peaceful liberation of Xizang in 1951. This is yet another landmark project in protecting and promoting Tibetan traditional culture. The central government and the Xizang local government had earmarked over RMB325 million between 2012 and 2022 for protecting ICH items on the national representative list in Xizang, recording the knowledge and skills of the bearers of ICH items on the national list, training ICH practitioners, and building facilities for ICH protection and utilization. There are 106 ICH items on the national representative list with 96 bearers, and 460 items on the regional list with 522 bearers. Three items – Gesar, Tibetan Opera, and the Lum medicinal bathing of Sowa Rigpa of Xizang – have been registered on the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity.

藏語(yǔ)言文字學(xué)習(xí)使用得到依法保障。藏語(yǔ)言文字在衛(wèi)生、郵政、通訊、交通、金融、科技等領(lǐng)域都得到廣泛使用。公共場(chǎng)所設(shè)施、招牌和廣告都可見(jiàn)國(guó)家通用語(yǔ)言文字和藏文標(biāo)識(shí)，隨時(shí)可以收聽(tīng)收看國(guó)家通用語(yǔ)言文字和藏語(yǔ)文的節(jié)目。中小學(xué)校均開(kāi)設(shè)國(guó)家通用語(yǔ)言文字課程和藏語(yǔ)文課程。截至2022年底，西藏公開(kāi)發(fā)行藏文期刊17種、藏文報(bào)紙11種，累計(jì)出版藏文圖書(shū)7959種、4501.3萬(wàn)冊(cè)。2015年，國(guó)家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)《信息技術(shù)　藏文詞匯》正式發(fā)布。全國(guó)藏語(yǔ)術(shù)語(yǔ)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化工作委員會(huì)于2018年發(fā)布《黨的十八大以來(lái)審定的藏語(yǔ)新詞術(shù)語(yǔ)》，包含藏語(yǔ)新詞術(shù)語(yǔ)近1500條；2022年發(fā)布《黨的十九大以來(lái)藏語(yǔ)新詞術(shù)語(yǔ)（漢藏對(duì)照）》，包含藏語(yǔ)新詞術(shù)語(yǔ)2200條。

The study and use of the Tibetan language and script are guaranteed by law. The Tibetan language is widely used in fields such as health, postal services, communications, transport, finance, and science and technology. Both standard Chinese and the Tibetan language can be found on public facilities, signage and advertisements. Radio and television programs in both languages are available at any time. Courses in both languages are taught in primary and secondary schools. By the end of 2022, Xizang had 17 periodicals and 11 newspapers in the Tibetan language, and had published 45.01 million copies of 7,959 Tibetan-language books. In 2015, the national standard Information Technology – Vocabulary in the Tibetan Language was officially released. In 2018, the National Committee for the Standardization of Tibetan Terminology issued The New Tibetan Terms Approved Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, which contains nearly 1,500 new terms. Issued in 2022, The New Tibetan Terms Approved Since the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China (Chinese-Tibetan) contains 2,200 new terms.

——公共文化事業(yè)蓬勃發(fā)展

– Vigorous development of public cultural undertakings

公共文化服務(wù)體系日趨完善。基本建成自治區(qū)、市（地）、縣（區(qū)）、鄉(xiāng)（鎮(zhèn)）、村（居）五級(jí)公共文化設(shè)施網(wǎng)絡(luò)，實(shí)現(xiàn)市（地）有圖書(shū)館、群眾藝術(shù)館、博物館，縣（區(qū)）有綜合文化活動(dòng)中心，鄉(xiāng)（鎮(zhèn)）有綜合文化活動(dòng)站，村（居）有文化活動(dòng)室。西藏現(xiàn)有10個(gè)專(zhuān)業(yè)文藝院團(tuán)、76個(gè)縣區(qū)藝術(shù)團(tuán)、153個(gè)民間藏戲隊(duì)、395個(gè)鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)文藝演出隊(duì)和5492個(gè)建制村文藝演出隊(duì)，專(zhuān)兼職文藝演出人員超過(guò)10萬(wàn)人。西藏農(nóng)村電影放映全面實(shí)現(xiàn)數(shù)字化，全區(qū)478套數(shù)字電影放映設(shè)備，每年放映6.3萬(wàn)余場(chǎng)電影。建成6263個(gè)縣鄉(xiāng)村三級(jí)新時(shí)代文明實(shí)踐中心（站、所）。開(kāi)展中華優(yōu)秀傳統(tǒng)文化進(jìn)基層活動(dòng)，提升基層文化設(shè)施服務(wù)功能，建強(qiáng)100個(gè)村級(jí)群眾性文化示范陣地。

The public cultural service system continues to improve. There is a five-tiered network of public cultural service facilities in place, at the levels of village/community, town/township, county/district, city/prefecture, and the autonomous region. There are now libraries, people's art halls and museums in all of Xizang's cities/prefectures, all-purpose cultural centers in the counties/districts, cultural activity stations in towns/townships, and cultural activity halls in villages/communities. Xizang boasts 10 professional performing art troupes, 76 art troupes at the county/district level, 153 part-time Tibetan Opera troupes, 395 performing teams at the township level and 5,492 at the administrative village level, with over 100,000 professional and amateur performers. Digitized movie projection is fully achieved in rural areas in Xizang. The region has 478 sets of digital movie projection facilities and holds more than 63,000 movie screenings every year. A total of 6,263 centers (stations) for promoting cultural and ethical progress in the new era have been set up at the village, township and county levels. The region has carried out programs to keep fine traditional Chinese culture alive and strong at the grassroots level, upgraded cultural facilities at the village/community level, and built 100 village-level cultural demonstration bases.

文化藝術(shù)創(chuàng)作繁榮發(fā)展。推出歌舞晚會(huì)《共產(chǎn)黨來(lái)了苦變甜》《祖國(guó)·扎西德勒》《西藏兒女心向黨》，話(huà)劇《共同家園》《八廓街北院》，藏戲《次仁拉姆》《藏香情》，歌舞劇《天邊格桑花》等一大批堅(jiān)守中華文化立場(chǎng)、彰顯時(shí)代精神、體現(xiàn)西藏特色、群眾喜聞樂(lè)見(jiàn)的優(yōu)秀文藝作品。話(huà)劇《不準(zhǔn)出生的人》、歌舞晚會(huì)《西藏兒女心向黨》、舞蹈《歡騰的高原》、廣場(chǎng)舞《奮進(jìn)新時(shí)代》、少兒藏戲《喜迎新春》先后在全國(guó)獲獎(jiǎng)。

Cultural and artistic creation has flourished. With Chinese culture in mind, a number of outstanding literary and artistic works have been created, highlighting the spirit of the time and reflecting Tibetan features. They have proved popular with the general public. They include the song and dance gala Bitter Turns Sweet when the CPC Comes, Tashidelek to Our Country, and Affection of the Tibetans for the CPC, dramas such as Our Common Home and The North Yard of Barkhor Street, the Tibetan opera Tsering Lhamo, the Story of Tibetan Incense, and the musical theater Galsang Flowers at the Roof of the World. Among them, the drama An Unblessed Birth, the song and dance gala Affection of the Tibetans for the CPC, the dance Exuberant Plateau, the square dance Forging Ahead in the New Era, and the Tibetan opera Celebrating the New Year performed by children have won national awards.

體育事業(yè)快速發(fā)展。各類(lèi)群眾性體育賽事活動(dòng)豐富多彩，民族傳統(tǒng)體育得到傳承發(fā)展，山地戶(hù)外運(yùn)動(dòng)廣泛開(kāi)展。競(jìng)技體育水平逐步提高，“十三五”期間獲得國(guó)際國(guó)內(nèi)賽事獎(jiǎng)牌231枚。2018年雅加達(dá)亞運(yùn)會(huì)，運(yùn)動(dòng)員多布杰奪得男子馬拉松賽銅牌，創(chuàng)造了我國(guó)男子馬拉松亞運(yùn)會(huì)最好成績(jī)。2020年洛桑冬青奧會(huì)，索朗曲珍在滑雪登山女子個(gè)人越野賽和短距離賽兩個(gè)項(xiàng)目上創(chuàng)造了我國(guó)歷史最好成績(jī)。2021年第十四屆全國(guó)運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)，西藏代表團(tuán)共取得3金1銀2銅的好成績(jī)。2022年北京冬奧會(huì)，西藏兩名運(yùn)動(dòng)員取得參賽資格，實(shí)現(xiàn)了西藏競(jìng)技體育新突破。

Xizang has seen rapid development in public sports. Various public sport events have taken place, with traditional ethnic sports promoted and mountain sports popularized. The region has gradually improved its performance in competitive sports. Athletes from Xizang won 231 medals at international and domestic events during the 13th Five-year Plan period (2016-2020). At the 2018 Jakarta Asian Games, athlete Dobjee won the bronze medal in the men's marathon – the best result that China had ever achieved in this event in the Asian Games. At the Lausanne 2020 Winter Youth Olympic Games, Sonam Chodron achieved the best result in China's history in two events: skiing and mountaineering women's individual cross-country race and short distance race. At the 14th National Games in 2021, the Tibetan delegation won three gold medals, one silver and two bronze. At the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympic Games, two athletes from Xizang qualified for the competition, representing a breakthrough in competitive sports for the region.

廣播影視出版事業(yè)發(fā)展壯大。廣播、電視綜合人口覆蓋率分別達(dá)到99.41%、99.56%。創(chuàng)作電影《布德之路》《我的喜馬拉雅》《七十七天》《寧都啦》，電視劇《呀啦索　幸福家園》，紀(jì)錄片《你好！新西藏》《西藏　我們的故事》《黨的光輝照邊疆》等優(yōu)秀影視作品。截至2022年底，共有數(shù)字影院74家，銀幕191塊，2022年電影票房達(dá)3722.87萬(wàn)元，觀(guān)影人次87.97萬(wàn)。建好用好市地、縣區(qū)融媒體中心，建設(shè)推廣使用自治區(qū)級(jí)融媒體平臺(tái)“珠峰云”。積極創(chuàng)作播出中華優(yōu)秀文化紀(jì)錄片，制作譯制民族語(yǔ)言廣播節(jié)目時(shí)長(zhǎng)超15000小時(shí)，每年制作譯制民族語(yǔ)言電影80部以上，制作譯制民族語(yǔ)言電視節(jié)目時(shí)長(zhǎng)達(dá)7300小時(shí)。現(xiàn)有各類(lèi)印刷企業(yè)40家，各類(lèi)出版發(fā)行單位219家，出版期刊231.73萬(wàn)冊(cè)、圖書(shū)270.7萬(wàn)冊(cè)，出版物銷(xiāo)售總額12.93億元，建成5400多個(gè)農(nóng)家書(shū)屋和1700多個(gè)寺廟書(shū)屋，有力推動(dòng)新聞出版繁榮發(fā)展，不斷豐富農(nóng)牧民群眾的科學(xué)文化知識(shí)。

Radio, film, TV, and publishing are expanding rapidly. The coverage rates of radio and TV programs are both well over 99 percent of the population in Xizang. Movies like Life of Budag, My Himalayas, Seventy-seven Days, and Fall in Love, TV drama Happy Home, and documentaries Hello, New Xizang, Our Stories in Xizang, and The Party Shines upon the Border have been produced. By the end of 2022, Xizang had 74 digital cinemas with 191 screens in total. In 2022, cinemas in Xizang netted total box-office receipts of RMB37.23 million with around 879,700 tickets sold. Efforts have been made to build and make good use of integrated media centers in cities, prefectures, counties and districts, and to build and promote the use of the integrated media platform "Everest Cloud" of the Xizang Autonomous Region. Many excellent cultural documentaries have been produced and broadcast. More than 15,000 hours of radio programs, 7,300 hours of TV programs, and more than 80 movies are translated or dubbed from and into minority languages every year. There are 40 printing enterprises and 219 publishing institutions of various types, releasing nearly 2.32 million copies of periodicals and 2.71 million copies of books, with total sales exceeding RMB1.29 billion. Over 5,400 rural libraries and over 1,700 monastery libraries have been built. All this effectively promotes the prosperity and development of the press and publishing business in Xizang and continues to enrich the scientific and cultural knowledge of farmers and herders.

——文化產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展勢(shì)頭良好

– Sound development of the cultural industry

文化市場(chǎng)活躍興盛。制定實(shí)施《西藏自治區(qū)人民政府辦公廳關(guān)于大力推進(jìn)文化和旅游深度融合加快發(fā)展特色文化產(chǎn)業(yè)的意見(jiàn)》，出臺(tái)招商引資優(yōu)惠政策，對(duì)在藏注冊(cè)的各類(lèi)文化企業(yè)在金融稅收等各方面提供支撐政策，各類(lèi)獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)資金、扶持資金持續(xù)發(fā)力。截至2022年底，各類(lèi)文化企業(yè)達(dá)8000余家，從業(yè)人員超7萬(wàn)人，文化及相關(guān)產(chǎn)業(yè)增加值達(dá)63.29億元，擁有四級(jí)文化產(chǎn)業(yè)示范園區(qū)（基地）344家。7家關(guān)聯(lián)企業(yè)上榜“2021西藏自治區(qū)百?gòu)?qiáng)民營(yíng)企業(yè)”，4家關(guān)聯(lián)企業(yè)上榜“2021西藏自治區(qū)民營(yíng)企業(yè)就業(yè)20強(qiáng)”，1家民營(yíng)文化企業(yè)4次榮獲“全國(guó)文化企業(yè)30強(qiáng)”提名企業(yè)。

The cultural industry is prosperous and dynamic. The Decision of the General Office of the Xizang Autonomous Region on In-Depth Integration of Culture and Tourism to Accelerate the Development of a Cultural Industry with Distinctive Characteristics has been made and implemented. The region has introduced preferential financing and taxation policies to attract investment and provided policy support to cultural enterprises of all categories registered in the region. The region offers incentive funds and supporting funds to help them. By the end of 2022, more than 8,000 cultural enterprises had registered in Xizang, employing over 70,000 people, and the added value of cultural and related industries reached RMB6.33 billion. A total of 344 cultural demonstration parks and bases had been set up at four levels across the region. Seven associated enterprises were listed among the 2021 Top 100 Private Enterprises in the Xizang Autonomous Region, and four among the 2021 Top 20 Private Employers in the Xizang Autonomous Region. One has been nominated four times for China's Top 30 Cultural Enterprises.

重點(diǎn)文化產(chǎn)業(yè)項(xiàng)目推進(jìn)順利。“十三五”期間，91個(gè)文化產(chǎn)業(yè)重點(diǎn)項(xiàng)目順利實(shí)施，總投資近500億元。“西藏寶貝”文化電商平臺(tái)、西藏文化旅游創(chuàng)意園區(qū)、西藏出版文化產(chǎn)業(yè)園、中國(guó)西藏珠峰文化旅游創(chuàng)意產(chǎn)業(yè)園區(qū)等平臺(tái)相繼建成。藏文化大型史詩(shī)劇《文成公主》及舞臺(tái)劇《金城公主》等一大批特色文化項(xiàng)目走向市場(chǎng)。植根于西藏文化沃土、具有濃郁民族特色和時(shí)代氣息的動(dòng)漫、影視、唐卡等文化產(chǎn)品市場(chǎng)反響良好。

Key cultural programs have been launched. During the 13th Five-year Plan period (2016-2020), 91 key cultural projects were successfully implemented, with a total investment of nearly RMB50 billion. The cultural e-commerce platform Treasures in Xizang, Xizang Creative Culture and Tourism Industry Park, Xizang Publication and Cultural Industry Park, and Mount Qomolangma Creative Culture and Tourism Industry Park, among others, have been instituted or built. Many characteristic cultural projects, such as the Tibetan epic drama Princess Wencheng and the stage play Princess Jincheng, have hit the market. Cultural products such as animations, films, television programs, and Thangka, which are rooted in Tibetan culture and capture distinct ethnic features and the characteristics of the times, have been well received by the public.

三、民族宗教工作扎實(shí)推進(jìn)

III. Solid Progress in Ethnic and Religious Undertakings

鑄牢中華民族共同體意識(shí)，是新時(shí)代黨的民族工作的主線(xiàn)，也是西藏工作的戰(zhàn)略性任務(wù)。西藏堅(jiān)持鑄牢中華民族共同體意識(shí)，推動(dòng)民族工作高質(zhì)量發(fā)展，平等團(tuán)結(jié)互助和諧的社會(huì)主義民族關(guān)系日益鞏固。西藏依法管理宗教事務(wù)，宗教信仰自由得到充分保障，宗教領(lǐng)域持續(xù)和諧穩(wěn)定，宗教與社會(huì)主義社會(huì)更相適應(yīng)。

Developing a stronger sense of the Chinese nation as one community is the Party's top priority in managing ethnic affairs in the new era and a strategic task in governing Xizang. Committed to this mission, the region has strengthened its work related to ethnic affairs and consolidated the socialist ethnic relationship of equality, solidarity, mutual assistance, and harmony. It manages religious affairs in accordance with the law, fully guarantees freedom of religious belief, maintains harmony and stability in the religious field, and helps religion to adapt to the socialist society.

——中華民族共同體意識(shí)不斷鑄牢

– Heightening the sense of Chinese identity

中華民族共有精神家園加快構(gòu)筑。西藏編寫(xiě)出版鑄牢中華民族共同體意識(shí)系列讀本等民族團(tuán)結(jié)進(jìn)步教材和讀本，打造“互聯(lián)網(wǎng)+民族團(tuán)結(jié)”交流平臺(tái)，開(kāi)展“中華民族一家親、同心共筑中國(guó)夢(mèng)”主題宣傳教育，引導(dǎo)各族人民牢固樹(shù)立休戚與共、榮辱與共、生死與共、命運(yùn)與共的共同體理念。圍繞“西藏百萬(wàn)農(nóng)奴解放紀(jì)念日”“西藏和平解放紀(jì)念日”“民族團(tuán)結(jié)進(jìn)步宣傳活動(dòng)月”等時(shí)間節(jié)點(diǎn)，在各級(jí)黨政機(jī)關(guān)、學(xué)校、企事業(yè)單位、城鄉(xiāng)社區(qū)等廣泛開(kāi)展民族團(tuán)結(jié)進(jìn)步知識(shí)競(jìng)賽、文藝表演等群眾喜聞樂(lè)見(jiàn)的活動(dòng)。深化中華民族視覺(jué)形象塑造，建成中華文化主題公園，讓中華文化始終成為西藏各民族人心凝聚、團(tuán)結(jié)奮進(jìn)的強(qiáng)大精神紐帶。

A shared sense of belonging for the Chinese nation has been consolidated. Xizang has compiled and published textbooks and readers on ethnic solidarity and progress, such as The Readers on Building a Stronger Sense of National Identity. Communication platforms featuring internet plus ethnic solidarity have been launched. The One Nation One Dream campaign was conducted in an effort to guide all ethnic groups to understand that they are in a community with shared joys and sorrows, and weal and woe. During major celebrations such as the Serf's Emancipation Day, the Peaceful Liberation Day of Xizang, and the Month for Promoting Ethnic Solidarity and Progress, Party and government departments, schools, enterprises, public institutions, and urban and rural communities organize popular activities such as knowledge contests and cultural performances on ethnic solidarity and progress. A theme park has been built to present a visual image of the Chinese nation as one community, creating a strong bond among all ethnic groups and inspiring them to move forward in unity and solidarity.

各民族交往交流交融更加緊密。因地制宜構(gòu)建互嵌式社區(qū)，各族群眾共居共學(xué)、共建共享、共事共樂(lè)的格局已然形成，涌現(xiàn)出拉薩市河壩林社區(qū)等一批漢族、藏族、回族、蒙古族等多民族和諧街道（社區(qū)、家庭）典型。日喀則市仁布縣切娃鄉(xiāng)普納村59戶(hù)村民來(lái)自不同地區(qū)不同民族，村民們自發(fā)將民族團(tuán)結(jié)寫(xiě)入村規(guī)民約，約定每年召開(kāi)民族團(tuán)結(jié)座談會(huì)，凝心聚力共謀發(fā)展。促進(jìn)各族學(xué)生共同學(xué)習(xí)、共同進(jìn)步。在17個(gè)援藏省市建立西藏高校畢業(yè)生區(qū)外就業(yè)服務(wù)聯(lián)絡(luò)站，支持幫助畢業(yè)生就業(yè)創(chuàng)業(yè)，畢業(yè)生就業(yè)率連續(xù)多年保持在95%以上。鼓勵(lì)支持區(qū)外種養(yǎng)大戶(hù)、致富能手和涉農(nóng)企業(yè)到西藏創(chuàng)業(yè)興業(yè)。西藏處處呈現(xiàn)出各民族共同團(tuán)結(jié)奮斗、共同繁榮發(fā)展的生動(dòng)局面。

Exchanges, communication and integration among ethnic groups have been strengthened. Local communities in the region have formed multi-ethnic neighborhoods, where people of various ethnicities reside, learn from each other, and enjoy life together. A number of exemplary multi-ethnic harmonious neighborhoods (residential communities/families) mixing Han, Tibetan, Hui, and Mongolian people, such as the Wabaling community in Lhasa, have emerged. Puna Village in Qewa Township of Rinbung County, Xigaze City, is a newly established settlement of 59 households from diverse ethnic backgrounds. The villagers spontaneously included the term "solidarity" into the community regulations and agreed to host a solidarity forum annually for consultation on common development.

China has promoted mutual learning and common progress among students of all ethnicities. In 17 provinces and municipalities that provide assistance to Xizang, employment service and liaison offices have been set up for graduates of Xizang universities to find employment or business opportunities beyond their own region. The graduate employment rate has been maintained above 95 percent for years. Large household businesses in crop and animal farming, entrepreneurs, and agriculture-related businesses are encouraged to invest in Xizang. The autonomous region today is a place for unity, common prosperity and development among all ethnic groups.

——民族團(tuán)結(jié)進(jìn)步持續(xù)鞏固

– Further promoting ethnic solidarity and progress

民族團(tuán)結(jié)進(jìn)步創(chuàng)建工作切實(shí)開(kāi)展。廣泛開(kāi)展民族團(tuán)結(jié)進(jìn)步模范區(qū)創(chuàng)建，大力推進(jìn)各民族交往交流交融，推進(jìn)民族團(tuán)結(jié)市縣行活動(dòng)。2020年，頒布《西藏自治區(qū)民族團(tuán)結(jié)進(jìn)步模范區(qū)創(chuàng)建條例》；2021年，出臺(tái)《西藏自治區(qū)民族團(tuán)結(jié)進(jìn)步模范區(qū)創(chuàng)建規(guī)劃（2021－2025年）》。西藏先后有140個(gè)集體、189名個(gè)人受到國(guó)務(wù)院表彰，榮獲全國(guó)民族團(tuán)結(jié)進(jìn)步模范集體（個(gè)人）稱(chēng)號(hào)。拉薩等7地（市）均成功創(chuàng)建成為全國(guó)民族團(tuán)結(jié)進(jìn)步示范市。“民族團(tuán)結(jié)杰出貢獻(xiàn)者”國(guó)家榮譽(yù)稱(chēng)號(hào)獲得者熱地的事跡廣為傳頌，全社會(huì)掀起向“時(shí)代楷模”卓嘎、央宗姐妹學(xué)習(xí)的熱潮，爭(zhēng)當(dāng)民族團(tuán)結(jié)進(jìn)步模范。

Work to facilitate ethnic solidarity and progress has been carried out effectively. Efforts have been made to establish model communities of ethnic unity and progress to promote exchanges and integration of various ethnic groups. Tours have been organized to such cities and counties. In 2020, the region promulgated the Regulations on Building a Model Region for Ethnic Solidarity and Progress in the Xizang Autonomous Region. In 2021, the Plan for Building a Model Region for Ethnic Solidarity and Progress in the Xizang Autonomous Region (2021-2025) was introduced. At the national level, 140 groups and 189 individuals in Xizang were honored by the State Council as models of ethnic solidarity and progress. Seven cities/prefectures including Lhasa were recognized as national demonstration cities. The story of Raidi, recipient of the national honorary title Outstanding Contributor to Ethnic Solidarity, was widely disseminated. People across the region were encouraged to emulate sisters Drolkar and Yangzom as models of the times for ethnic solidarity.

反滲透反顛覆反分裂斗爭(zhēng)不斷深入。西藏根據(jù)維護(hù)國(guó)家安全的總要求和自身實(shí)際，堅(jiān)持依法治藏原則，緊緊依靠各族群眾，牢牢把握反分裂斗爭(zhēng)主動(dòng)權(quán)，深入揭批達(dá)賴(lài)集團(tuán)的反動(dòng)本質(zhì)，堅(jiān)決抵制、嚴(yán)厲打擊各種分裂破壞活動(dòng)。“團(tuán)結(jié)穩(wěn)定是福，分裂動(dòng)亂是禍”的觀(guān)念深入人心，各族群眾維護(hù)祖國(guó)統(tǒng)一、維護(hù)國(guó)家主權(quán)、維護(hù)民族團(tuán)結(jié)的態(tài)度日益堅(jiān)決。

The fight against infiltration, subversion and secession continues. In accordance with the general requirements of safeguarding national security and the region's specific circumstances, and upholding the rule of law in the governance of the region, Xizang adopts a proactive approach to combat secessionism. The reactionary nature of the Dalai Group has been exposed and denounced, and the regional government relies closely on the people of all ethnicities to resist all forms of secession and sabotage. It is now deeply rooted in the people's minds across the region that unity and stability are a blessing, while division and unrest lead to disaster. They are ever more determined to safeguard the country's unity, national sovereignty, and ethnic solidarity.

——宗教信仰自由充分保障

– Fully guaranteeing the freedom of religious belief

宗教活動(dòng)有序開(kāi)展。西藏現(xiàn)有藏傳佛教宗教活動(dòng)場(chǎng)所1700多處，僧尼約4.6萬(wàn)人；清真寺4座，世居穆斯林群眾約1.2萬(wàn)人；天主教堂1座，信徒700余人。雪頓節(jié)、燃燈節(jié)、薩嘎達(dá)瓦、轉(zhuǎn)山轉(zhuǎn)湖等1700多項(xiàng)宗教民俗活動(dòng)既保存歷史的儀禮傳統(tǒng)和莊嚴(yán)，也加入現(xiàn)代的文化體驗(yàn)和活力。活佛轉(zhuǎn)世傳承方式得到國(guó)家和西藏各級(jí)政府的承認(rèn)和尊重。2007年，國(guó)家頒布《藏傳佛教活佛轉(zhuǎn)世管理辦法》，就藏傳佛教活佛轉(zhuǎn)世應(yīng)堅(jiān)持的原則、應(yīng)具備的條件、應(yīng)履行的申請(qǐng)報(bào)批程序等作出詳細(xì)規(guī)定，也明確了包括達(dá)賴(lài)、班禪等大活佛轉(zhuǎn)世必須遵循的國(guó)內(nèi)尋訪(fǎng)、金瓶掣簽、中央政府批準(zhǔn)原則，保障依法有序開(kāi)展活佛轉(zhuǎn)世事宜。2016年，“藏傳佛教活佛查詢(xún)系統(tǒng)”上線(xiàn)。截至2022年底，已有93位新轉(zhuǎn)世活佛得到批準(zhǔn)認(rèn)定。

Religious activities are carried out in an orderly manner. The region today hosts over 1,700 sites for Tibetan Buddhism activities, approximately 46,000 Buddhist monks and nuns, four mosques, about 12,000 native Muslims, and one Catholic church with over 700 believers. Over 1,700 religious and folk activities including the Shoton Festival, Butter Lamp Festival, Saga Dawa Festival, and the walks around lakes and mountains help to preserve the solemn traditional rituals and demonstrate new vitality with modern cultural elements. Reincarnation of living Buddhas is a practice recognized and respected by the government at all levels. In 2007, the State-Issued Measures on the Management of the Reincarnation of Living Buddhas of Tibetan Buddhism stipulated the principles that should be followed, the conditions that should be met, and the application and approval procedures that should be implemented. It also specified that reincarnated Tibetan living Buddhas, including Dalai Lamas and Panchen Rinpoches, must be looked for within the country, decided through the practice of lot-drawing from the golden urn, and receive approval from the central government. The reincarnation of living Buddhas has been carried out in an orderly manner ever since. In 2016, an online system has been launched to help obtain information about living Buddhas. By the end of 2022, 93 newly reincarnated living Buddhas have been approved and recognized.

寺廟公共服務(wù)有效保障。從2015年開(kāi)始，積極推進(jìn)寺廟衛(wèi)生室建設(shè)、僧醫(yī)培養(yǎng)工作，完善寺廟僧尼社會(huì)保障體系，逐年提高寺廟僧尼社會(huì)保障待遇，積極提供社會(huì)公共服務(wù)。政府每年補(bǔ)貼2600多萬(wàn)元，實(shí)現(xiàn)在編僧尼醫(yī)保、養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)、低保、意外傷害險(xiǎn)和健康體檢的全覆蓋。大力改善寺廟基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施，絕大部分寺廟實(shí)現(xiàn)通路、通訊、通電、通水、通廣播電視，廣大僧尼的學(xué)習(xí)生活條件越來(lái)越現(xiàn)代化。

Public services at monasteries and temples have been effectively guaranteed. Much work has been done since 2015 to promote the construction of medical clinics in monasteries and temples, train doctor-monks, improve the social security system for monks and nuns, raise their social security benefits year by year, and provide them with social public services. The government provides over RMB26 million per annum to cover medical insurance, pension schemes, subsistence allowances, accident injury insurance, and health check expenses for all registered monks and nuns. Great efforts have gone into improving infrastructure in monasteries and temples to modernize study and living conditions for monks and nuns; most monasteries and temples now have access to roads, telecommunications, electricity, water, radio and television.

——藏傳佛教活動(dòng)健康有序

– Conducting Tibetan Buddhist activities in an orderly manner

依法管理宗教事務(wù)穩(wěn)步推進(jìn)。西藏全面貫徹黨的宗教工作基本方針，積極引導(dǎo)藏傳佛教與社會(huì)主義社會(huì)相適應(yīng)，加快推進(jìn)宗教事務(wù)管理法治化、規(guī)范化、制度化建設(shè)。先后頒布實(shí)施《西藏自治區(qū)實(shí)施〈宗教事務(wù)條例〉辦法》《西藏自治區(qū)大型宗教活動(dòng)管理辦法》《西藏自治區(qū)〈藏傳佛教活佛轉(zhuǎn)世管理辦法〉實(shí)施細(xì)則》等規(guī)范性文件，依法保障宗教界合法權(quán)益，維護(hù)宗教領(lǐng)域正常秩序，妥善處理涉及宗教的各類(lèi)矛盾和糾紛，依法加強(qiáng)和改進(jìn)寺廟管理，促進(jìn)宗教和諧。

Law-based management of religious affairs has made steady progress. Fully implementing the Party's basic policy on religious affairs, Xizang has guided Tibetan Buddhism in adapting to socialist society, and moved faster to improve the institutions and standards for managing religious affairs in accordance with the law. Measures of the Xizang Autonomous Region on Implementing the Regulations on Religious Affairs, Measures of the Xizang Autonomous Region on the Management of Major Religious Activities and Detailed Rules for the Implementation of the Measures on the Management of Living Buddha Reincarnation of Tibetan Buddhism have been issued and implemented to safeguard the legal rights and interests and order of religious society, properly resolve religion-related differences and disputes, improve monastery management, and promote religious harmony.

藏傳佛教研究與人才培養(yǎng)不斷加強(qiáng)。支持宗教團(tuán)體結(jié)合西藏實(shí)際，引導(dǎo)宗教界人士增強(qiáng)依法依規(guī)開(kāi)展宗教活動(dòng)的自覺(jué)性，推動(dòng)藏傳佛教界內(nèi)部管理規(guī)范化、制度化、現(xiàn)代化。按照傳統(tǒng)教育與現(xiàn)代教育相契合、傳統(tǒng)學(xué)位與現(xiàn)代學(xué)銜相銜接，規(guī)范“三級(jí)學(xué)銜”制度，培養(yǎng)愛(ài)國(guó)愛(ài)教、學(xué)問(wèn)精深的現(xiàn)代僧才。截至2022年底，已有164名學(xué)經(jīng)僧人獲得格西“拉讓巴”學(xué)位，273名僧人獲得藏傳佛教最高學(xué)銜“拓然巴”學(xué)位。2016年至2022年，中國(guó)佛教協(xié)會(huì)西藏分會(huì)每年舉辦藏傳佛教講經(jīng)闡釋交流會(huì)，中國(guó)藏學(xué)研究中心每年舉辦藏傳佛教教義闡釋工作研討會(huì)，出版《藏傳佛教教義闡釋?zhuān)ㄔ囍v本）》《藏傳佛教教義闡釋研究文集》等11部成果著作，教規(guī)教義研究日益精深。

Tibetan Buddhist studies and the training of adepts have been strengthened. In the context of Xizang's actual situation, efforts have been made to raise awareness among religious groups that activities must be carried out in accordance with laws and regulations, and to promote efforts to standardize, institutionalize, and modernize the internal management of Tibetan Buddhist society. While promoting the integration of traditional and modern education, degrees and titles, new efforts have been made to standardize the three-level title system and cultivate patriotic and knowledgeable talent in monks and nuns. As of the end of 2022, 164 monks had been accredited as Geshe Lharampas and 273 monks had earned the highest Thorampa ranking. From 2016 to 2022, the Xizang branch of the Buddhist Association of China held annual meetings on the interpretation of Tibetan Buddhist sutras; the China Tibetology Research Center hosted annual seminars on the interpretation of Tibetan Buddhism doctrines and published 11 books, such as Interpretive Notes for Tibetan Buddhism Doctrines (Trial Edition) and Collections of Studies on Interpretive Notes for Tibetan Buddhism Doctrines, promoting in-depth study on the precepts and doctrines of Tibetan Buddhism.

四、社會(huì)大局持續(xù)安定向好

IV. Sustained and Stable Social Development

新時(shí)代黨的治藏方略要求，要準(zhǔn)確把握西藏工作的階段性特征，提高社會(huì)治理水平，確保國(guó)家安全、社會(huì)穩(wěn)定、人民幸福。西藏堅(jiān)持把維護(hù)祖國(guó)統(tǒng)一、加強(qiáng)民族團(tuán)結(jié)作為西藏工作的著眼點(diǎn)和著力點(diǎn)，不斷完善工作機(jī)制、提高治理水平，謀長(zhǎng)久之策，行固本之舉，社會(huì)大局持續(xù)穩(wěn)定向好，群眾的獲得感、幸福感、安全感不斷增強(qiáng)。

The CPC policies on the governance of Xizang in the new era have emphasized the importance of accurately understanding the present work in Xizang, strengthening social governance, and safeguarding national security, social stability, and the people's wellbeing. With a focus on safeguarding national unification and strengthening ethnic unity, the local government of Xizang has constantly improved its working mechanisms and governance capacity. All of this is helping to lay a solid foundation for long-term development. As a result, Xizang has enjoyed sustained and steady social development, and the people's sense of gain, fulfilment and security continues to grow.

——社會(huì)事業(yè)全面進(jìn)步

– All-round progress of social undertakings

教育事業(yè)高質(zhì)量發(fā)展。涵蓋學(xué)前教育、基礎(chǔ)教育、職業(yè)教育、高等教育、繼續(xù)教育、特殊教育的比較完整的現(xiàn)代教育體系已經(jīng)形成。自2012年秋季學(xué)期開(kāi)始，輟學(xué)問(wèn)題得到歷史性解決，建立起全學(xué)段學(xué)生資助體系，資助范圍覆蓋所有家庭經(jīng)濟(jì)困難學(xué)生。2012年至2022年，國(guó)家累計(jì)投入西藏的教育經(jīng)費(fèi)達(dá)2515.06億元，現(xiàn)有各級(jí)各類(lèi)學(xué)校3409所，在校學(xué)生94.4萬(wàn)多人，學(xué)前教育毛入學(xué)率達(dá)89.52%，義務(wù)教育鞏固率達(dá)97.73%，高中階段毛入學(xué)率達(dá)91.07%。第七次全國(guó)人口普查數(shù)據(jù)顯示，西藏每10萬(wàn)人中擁有大學(xué)文化程度的由2010年的5507人上升到2020年的11019人，新增勞動(dòng)力人均受教育年限提高至13.1年。

Educational undertakings have achieved high-quality development. A modern education system encompassing preschools, primary and secondary schools, vocational and technical schools, institutions of higher learning, and continuing and special education institutions is in place. Progressively since 2012, Xizang has eliminated the problem of students dropping out of school. It has established a student financial assistance system covering all stages of education for every student from disadvantaged families. From 2012 to 2022, the central government invested more than RMB251.51 billion in Xizang's education. At present, the region has 3,409 schools of various types and at various levels, hosting over 944,000 students. The gross enrollment rate for preschool education has reached 89.52 percent. The completion rate for compulsory education has reached 97.73 percent. The gross enrollment rate in senior high schools is 91.07 percent. The results of the seventh national census showed that the number of college or university graduates per 100,000 inhabitants in Xizang had risen from 5,507 in 2010 to 11,019 in 2020. New entries into the region's workforce now have an average of 13.1 years of education.

住房保障更加完善。深入實(shí)施城鎮(zhèn)保障性安居工程建設(shè)和易地搬遷，全力推進(jìn)老舊小區(qū)、棚戶(hù)區(qū)及農(nóng)村危房改造，加大公租房供給，實(shí)施城鎮(zhèn)供暖工程，重點(diǎn)推進(jìn)5個(gè)高寒高海拔縣城和邊境縣城集中供暖工作。2016年以來(lái)，累計(jì)安排中央財(cái)政補(bǔ)助資金17.06億元，完成農(nóng)牧區(qū)建檔立卡貧困戶(hù)等4類(lèi)重點(diǎn)對(duì)象4.36萬(wàn)戶(hù)危房改造，接續(xù)實(shí)施動(dòng)態(tài)新增農(nóng)村低收入群體等重點(diǎn)對(duì)象危房改造和農(nóng)房抗震改造。2022年，城鎮(zhèn)居民和農(nóng)牧民人均住房建筑面積分別達(dá)到44.82平方米和40.18平方米，居住條件顯著改善。

Greater efforts have been made to ensure decent housing. Xizang has stepped up the construction of government-subsidized affordable homes in urban areas and the relocation of people in rural areas. It spares no effort in the renovation of dilapidated residential areas, shanty towns, and dilapidated rural houses. It is also increasing the supply of public rental houses. The region has launched a project to ensure heating in urban areas, especially in the five county seats located across cold and high-altitude areas and border areas. Since 2016, the central government has provided RMB1.71 billion in subsidies to help 43,600 households in farming and pastoral areas who fall into the four categories[The four categories are registered poor households, households entitled to subsistence allowances, severely impoverished rural residents cared for at their homes with government support, and impoverished families of individuals with disabilities. – Tr.], including registered poor households, to renovate their sub-standard homes. It has also supported the renovation of sub-standard homes and improved the earthquake resistance of rural housing for key groups including the newly registered low-income group in rural areas. In 2022, the per-capita living space of urban residents in Xizang reached 44.82 square meters, and that of farmers and herders 40.18 square meters. The people enjoy a steady improvement in housing conditions.

公共衛(wèi)生事業(yè)持續(xù)壯大。涵蓋基本醫(yī)療服務(wù)和婦幼保健、疾病防控、藏醫(yī)藥等公共衛(wèi)生服務(wù)體系全面建立。醫(yī)療人才“組團(tuán)式”支援取得長(zhǎng)足發(fā)展，援藏省市助力受援地成功創(chuàng)建6家三級(jí)甲等醫(yī)院，幫帶1165個(gè)醫(yī)療團(tuán)隊(duì)、3192名本地醫(yī)療人員，填補(bǔ)2219項(xiàng)技術(shù)空白。實(shí)現(xiàn)400多種“大病”不出自治區(qū)，2400多種“中病”不出市地，常見(jiàn)“小病”在縣級(jí)醫(yī)院就能得到及時(shí)治療。孕產(chǎn)婦、嬰幼兒死亡率分別由20世紀(jì)50年代初的5000/10萬(wàn)、430‰，下降到2022年的45.8/10萬(wàn)、7‰，人均預(yù)期壽命提高到72.19歲。包蟲(chóng)病、大骨節(jié)病等地方病和先天性心臟病、白內(nèi)障等常見(jiàn)病得到有效控制和消除。近年來(lái)，采取病區(qū)改良水質(zhì)、換糧、易地搬遷等綜合防治措施，大骨節(jié)病高發(fā)流行態(tài)勢(shì)得到有效遏制，54個(gè)病區(qū)縣全部達(dá)到國(guó)家消除標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，2018年至今無(wú)兒童新發(fā)案例。2012年以來(lái)，開(kāi)展先天性心臟病患兒醫(yī)療救治工作，已篩查366萬(wàn)多人次，對(duì)6246名患者在區(qū)內(nèi)外醫(yī)院實(shí)施介入或手術(shù)治療，絕大多數(shù)患兒病情得到根治，重獲健康。

Public health services have been strengthened. The region provides a comprehensive public healthcare system covering regular basic medical services, maternity and childcare, disease prevention and control, and Tibetan medicine and therapies. The assistance by medical professionals in groups to Xizang has made remarkable progress. Relevant provinces and municipalities have offered pairing-up assistance to Xizang, helping the region build six more Grade-A tertiary hospitals, train 1,165 medical teams with a total of 3,192 local medical workers, and plug 2,219 gaps in medical technology. Local patients can now obtain treatment for more than 400 serious diseases within the region and for more than 2,400 moderate diseases within the prefectural-level administrative units where they live; victims of minor diseases can receive timely treatment at county-level hospitals. The death rate of women in childbirth dropped to 45.8 per 100,000 in 2022 from 5,000 per 100,000 in the early 1950s, and the infant mortality rate declined from 430‰ to 7‰. Over the same period, average life expectancy has increased to 72.19 years. Endemic diseases such as hydatidosis and Kashin-Beck disease (KBD) and common diseases such as congenital heart disease and cataracts have been eradicated or brought under effective prevention and control. Xizang has effectively curbed the widespread occurrence of KBD through integrated prevention and control measures, such as improving water quality, changing diets, and relocating residents out of endemic areas. KBD has been eliminated in all of the region's 54 counties previously plagued by the disease. Since 2018, no new KBD cases have been detected among children. In 2012, the region launched a program to cure children with congenital heart disease. To date, the program has carried out over 3.66 million screenings. A total of 6,246 children have received interventional or surgical treatment at hospitals in Xizang and other places in the country. The overwhelming majority of those children have been cured.

多層次社會(huì)保障體系基本建成。不斷推進(jìn)城鄉(xiāng)社會(huì)保障體系一體化，加快健全覆蓋全民、統(tǒng)籌城鄉(xiāng)、公平統(tǒng)一、可持續(xù)的分類(lèi)分層社會(huì)保障體系。城鎮(zhèn)調(diào)查失業(yè)率低于全國(guó)平均水平，零就業(yè)家庭持續(xù)動(dòng)態(tài)清零。城鄉(xiāng)居民基本養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)待遇確定和基礎(chǔ)養(yǎng)老金正常調(diào)整機(jī)制逐步建立，居民基本養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)待遇水平與經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展同步提高，基本醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)參保人數(shù)達(dá)342.88萬(wàn)人，參保率持續(xù)穩(wěn)定在95%以上，城鄉(xiāng)居民住院產(chǎn)生的合規(guī)醫(yī)療費(fèi)用最高報(bào)銷(xiāo)比例達(dá)到90%以上。持續(xù)推進(jìn)藏藥納入國(guó)家基本藥物目錄（民族藥）工作，大病專(zhuān)項(xiàng)救治病種擴(kuò)大到38種，實(shí)現(xiàn)醫(yī)保報(bào)銷(xiāo)一次性和跨省異地直接結(jié)算。

A basic multi-tiered social security system has been established. Xizang has progressively integrated urban and rural social security networks, and established and improved a fair, unified, and sustained category-specific and multi-tiered social security system that covers all residents and coordinates urban and rural areas. The surveyed urban unemployment rate has remained below the national average and the number of families with no one in work has been steadily reduced to zero. A mechanism to set and regularly adjust the payment standard of basic pension schemes for urban and rural residents has been established, ensuring that it increases in parallel with economic growth. A total of 3.43 million people are covered by basic medical insurance, more than 95 percent of the total population in the region. The maximum reimbursement rate of inpatient medical expenses covered by basic medical insurance has surpassed 90 percent. More Tibetan medicines are being included in the National Essential Medicines List (Ethnic Medicines). A special treatment policy has been extended to cover 38 serious diseases. Patients can now settle their medical bills covered by medical insurance at one time on a cross-provincial basis.

——平安西藏建設(shè)卓有成效

– Steady achievements in building a safe Xizang

高水平平安建設(shè)切實(shí)推進(jìn)。強(qiáng)化社會(huì)面管理，平安縣、平安鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)、平安小區(qū)、平安單位、平安寺廟、平安學(xué)校等基層平安創(chuàng)建活動(dòng)持續(xù)推進(jìn)，向更高水平綜合治理邁進(jìn)。堅(jiān)持預(yù)防與化解相統(tǒng)一，積極推動(dòng)解決合理訴求和實(shí)際困難，法理情并用推動(dòng)“事心雙解”，培育打造“朗扎”調(diào)解室、“雪蓮花”調(diào)解室、“鄉(xiāng)賢幫幫忙”等模式，依靠群眾、發(fā)動(dòng)群眾，為人民群眾安居樂(lè)業(yè)構(gòu)筑社會(huì)根基。拉薩市7次登上中國(guó)最具幸福感城市榜單，西藏各族群眾安全感滿(mǎn)意度指數(shù)連續(xù)多年保持在99%以上。

Concrete measures have been taken to achieve a higher standard of social stability. On a journey towards higher-level integrated governance, Xizang continues to strengthen social governance and makes every effort to build safe counties, safe townships, safe communities, safe institutions, safe monasteries, and safe schools. To forestall and defuse risks, Xizang has taken proactive action to meet people's rational demands and resolve their immediate concerns. In dealing with social complaints and disputes, law, fairness and compassion are all taken into consideration to ensure problems are settled in a manner acceptable to all stakeholders. By establishing the "Langza mediation offices", "Snow Lotus mediation offices", and "rural sages mediation teams", Xizang relies on and mobilizes the people to lay the social foundations allowing them to live and work in peace and contentment. Lhasa has been listed among "China's happiest cities" seven times. The safety index of people of all ethnic groups in the region has stayed above 99 percent for years.

——治理現(xiàn)代化水平明顯提升

– Considerable improvement in social governance

社會(huì)治理體系不斷健全。西藏創(chuàng)新社會(huì)治理機(jī)制，制定出臺(tái)全區(qū)市域社會(huì)治理現(xiàn)代化試點(diǎn)工作聯(lián)系點(diǎn)工作方案、健全完善矛盾糾紛多元化解機(jī)制的實(shí)施意見(jiàn)、鄉(xiāng)村治理領(lǐng)域?qū)ｍ?xiàng)整治實(shí)施方案等，立體化、智能化治安防控體系建設(shè)不斷推進(jìn)，綜治中心和“智慧城市”“智慧邊防”建設(shè)加快推進(jìn)。在城鄉(xiāng)村居、社區(qū)廣泛開(kāi)展“雙聯(lián)戶(hù)”服務(wù)管理和“創(chuàng)先爭(zhēng)優(yōu)強(qiáng)基礎(chǔ)惠民生”活動(dòng)，引導(dǎo)群眾廣泛參與社會(huì)治理，形成黨委領(lǐng)導(dǎo)、政府負(fù)責(zé)、民主協(xié)商、社會(huì)協(xié)同、公眾參與、法治保障、科技支撐的社會(huì)治理全覆蓋新格局，打造人人有責(zé)、人人盡責(zé)、人人享有的社會(huì)治理共同體。

There has been a significant improvement in social governance. Xizang has made consistent innovations to the social governance system. It has released documents such as the Plan for the Pilot Project of Promoting the Modernization of Municipal Social Governance in Xizang, the Opinions on Improving Diversified Dispute Settlement Mechanisms, and the Implementation Plan of the Xizang Autonomous Region for Carrying out Special Campaigns to Improve Rural Governance. The region has made steady progress in establishing a multi-dimensional and intelligent public security system by accelerating the construction of integrated management centers, smart cities and intelligent border defense.

Xizang has implemented a social service and management model at both urban and rural communities known as "household groups" to help maintain social order and increase family income and has carried out a campaign to consolidate the development foundation and benefit the people. It has continued to guide the public towards participating in social governance. As a result, a new social governance pattern led by Party committees, implemented by government departments, based on consultation, coordination and broad participation, and underpinned by the rule of law and science and technology has been established. Efforts have been made to create a social governance community in which all participate and share.

——固邊興邊工作穩(wěn)步推進(jìn)

– Steady progress in safeguarding and developing border areas

興邊富民建設(shè)有力推動(dòng)。西藏著力創(chuàng)建國(guó)家固邊興邊富邊行動(dòng)示范區(qū)，堅(jiān)持固邊和興邊并重，出臺(tái)村鎮(zhèn)建設(shè)規(guī)劃，制定村鎮(zhèn)建設(shè)實(shí)施方案，堅(jiān)持把小康村建設(shè)與鄉(xiāng)村振興戰(zhàn)略有機(jī)結(jié)合，推進(jìn)完善邊境地區(qū)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施和公共服務(wù)設(shè)施，實(shí)現(xiàn)農(nóng)牧民群眾就地就近就業(yè)，不斷鑄牢中華民族共同體意識(shí)，基本建成設(shè)施完善、產(chǎn)業(yè)興旺、生態(tài)良好、宜居宜業(yè)的富裕文明村鎮(zhèn)。邊境地區(qū)群眾生活大幅改善，自覺(jué)爭(zhēng)做神圣國(guó)土的守護(hù)者、幸福家園的建設(shè)者，像格桑花一樣扎根在雪域邊陲。

Efforts have been made to develop border areas and improve people's lives there. Xizang strives to build itself into a demonstration region for safeguarding, developing and bringing prosperity to border areas, with equal emphasis on stability and development. Plans and specific programs for developing villages and towns have been formulated. The measures for realizing moderate prosperity in all villages have been launched in line with the national strategy of rural revitalization. The region has improved infrastructure projects and public service facilities in border areas to ensure that people in farming and pastoral areas can find work near their homes. All these projects have contributed to reinforce the sense of the Chinese nation as one single community. Most villages and towns are enjoying improved infrastructure, flourishing businesses, better eco-environment, congenial living and working conditions, and economic prosperity and cultural development. Encouraged by notable improvement in their lives, the local residents are striving to become the conscientious guardians of the border areas and builders of happy homes.

五、生態(tài)安全屏障日益堅(jiān)實(shí)

V. Stronger Eco-Environmental Security Barrier

西藏是國(guó)家重要的生態(tài)安全屏障。保護(hù)好西藏生態(tài)環(huán)境，利在千秋、澤被天下。西藏堅(jiān)持生態(tài)保護(hù)第一，處理好保護(hù)與發(fā)展的關(guān)系，走綠色可持續(xù)發(fā)展之路，著力打造全國(guó)乃至國(guó)際生態(tài)文明高地，美麗西藏建設(shè)不斷釋放生態(tài)紅利。

Xizang is one of China's important ecological barriers. Protecting the natural environment in Xizang will benefit the country and the people for thousands of years to come. In its efforts to become a national or even an international model in advancing eco-civilization, Xizang continues to prioritize eco-environmental conservation, follows a holistic approach to coordinating conservation and development, and pursues green and sustainable development. It will continue to deliver eco-environmental dividends while building a beautiful Xizang.

——生態(tài)環(huán)境持續(xù)保持良好

– Sound eco-environment

生態(tài)功能區(qū)建設(shè)有序推進(jìn)。積極推動(dòng)羌塘、珠穆朗瑪峰、岡仁波齊、高黎貢山、雅魯藏布大峽谷等典型區(qū)域納入《國(guó)家公園空間布局方案》，西藏自然保護(hù)地體系建設(shè)進(jìn)入新階段。現(xiàn)有各級(jí)各類(lèi)自然保護(hù)區(qū)47個(gè)，總面積41.22萬(wàn)平方公里。第三次全國(guó)國(guó)土調(diào)查數(shù)據(jù)顯示，林地、草地、濕地、水域等生態(tài)功能較強(qiáng)的地類(lèi)增加到108.11萬(wàn)平方公里。設(shè)立三江源國(guó)家公園（唐北區(qū)域），加強(qiáng)了長(zhǎng)江源區(qū)、瀾滄江源區(qū)等中國(guó)江河源頭的保護(hù)與修復(fù)。

Orderly progress has been made in the development of eco-environmental function zones. Through proactive efforts, Changtang, Mount Qomolangma, Mount Kangrinboqe, Gaoligong Mountain and Yarlung Zangbo Grand Canyon have been included in China's Overall Plan of National Parks, and work to develop the system of nature reserves in Xizang has entered a new phase. Currently, there are 47 nature reserves of different types at all levels, which cover a total area of 412,200 square kilometers. According to the third national survey of territorial land, forests, grasslands, wetlands, water regions and other lands with stronger eco-environmental functions amount to 1.08 million square kilometers. The establishment of the Sanjiangyuan National Park (the section north of the Tanggula Mountain) has contributed to the protection and restoration of the river sources in China, such as the source areas of the Yangtze and Lancang rivers.

高原生物多樣性逐漸提升。2016年至2022年，完成營(yíng)造林832萬(wàn)畝，實(shí)現(xiàn)森林覆蓋率和草原綜合植被蓋度雙增長(zhǎng)。西藏有陸生野生脊椎動(dòng)物1072種，其中雪豹、野牦牛、藏羚羊、黑頸鶴、滇金絲猴等國(guó)家一級(jí)保護(hù)野生動(dòng)物65種，國(guó)家二級(jí)保護(hù)野生動(dòng)物152種，大中型野生動(dòng)物種群數(shù)量居全國(guó)之首；已記錄維管束植物7504種，其中巨柏、喜馬拉雅紅豆杉等國(guó)家一級(jí)重點(diǎn)保護(hù)野生植物9種，國(guó)家二級(jí)重點(diǎn)保護(hù)野生植物148種。根據(jù)全國(guó)第二次陸生野生動(dòng)植物資源調(diào)查，藏羚羊種群數(shù)量由20世紀(jì)90年代的7萬(wàn)余只增長(zhǎng)到30余萬(wàn)只，野牦牛種群數(shù)量由20世紀(jì)不足1萬(wàn)頭增長(zhǎng)到2萬(wàn)余頭，黑頸鶴數(shù)量由20世紀(jì)不足3000只增長(zhǎng)到1萬(wàn)余只。曾被國(guó)際社會(huì)認(rèn)為已絕種的西藏馬鹿“失而復(fù)得”，由發(fā)現(xiàn)時(shí)的200余頭增長(zhǎng)到800余頭。發(fā)現(xiàn)白頰獼猴等野生動(dòng)物新物種5種、中國(guó)新記錄物種5種，發(fā)現(xiàn)野生植物新物種——吉隆毛鱗菊。

Biodiversity on the plateau has gradually improved. From 2016 to 2022, 8.32 million mu (554,666 hectares) of forests were planted in Xizang. It has achieved "double growth" in both forest and grassland vegetation coverage. There are 1,072 terrestrial wild vertebrate species in Xizang, including 65 species of wild animals under national Grade-I protection such as the snow leopard, wild yak, Tibetan antelope, black-necked crane and Yunnan golden snub-nosed monkey, and 152 species of wild animals under national Grade-II protection. Xizang has the largest population of large and medium-sized wild animal species in China. It has recorded 7,504 species of vascular plants; nine of these are under national Grade-I protection, including Cupressus gigantea and Taxus wallichiana, and 148 species are under national Grade-II protection. According to the second national survey on terrestrial animals and plants, the number of Tibetan antelopes increased from over 70,000 in the 1990s to over 300,000, wild yaks from under 10,000 to over 20,000, and black-necked cranes from under 3,000 to over 10,000. The Tibetan red deer, once considered extinct by the international community, has now come back, and its numbers have grown to over 800 from over 200 at the time of its rediscovery. Five new animal species such as the white-cheeked macaque, five new wildlife species in China, and one new wild plant species of Chaetoseris iyriformis Shif have been discovered.

人居環(huán)境狀況持續(xù)改善。“十三五”以來(lái)，環(huán)境空氣質(zhì)量?jī)?yōu)良天數(shù)比例達(dá)99%以上，主要城鎮(zhèn)環(huán)境空氣質(zhì)量整體保持優(yōu)良，7個(gè)市地6項(xiàng)污染物濃度均達(dá)到國(guó)家二級(jí)及以上標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。珠穆朗瑪峰區(qū)域環(huán)境空氣質(zhì)量持續(xù)保持在優(yōu)良狀態(tài)，達(dá)到一級(jí)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。2022年，拉薩市在全國(guó)168個(gè)重點(diǎn)城市空氣質(zhì)量排名中位列第一，林芝市、昌都市環(huán)境空氣質(zhì)量?jī)?yōu)良天數(shù)達(dá)到100%。主要江河、湖泊水質(zhì)整體保持優(yōu)良。金沙江、雅魯藏布江、瀾滄江、怒江干流水質(zhì)達(dá)到Ⅱ類(lèi)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，拉薩河、年楚河、尼洋河等流經(jīng)重要城鎮(zhèn)的河流水質(zhì)達(dá)到Ⅱ類(lèi)及以上標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，發(fā)源于珠穆朗瑪峰的絨布河水質(zhì)達(dá)Ⅰ類(lèi)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。班公錯(cuò)、羊卓雍錯(cuò)和納木錯(cuò)水質(zhì)均為Ⅲ類(lèi)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。地級(jí)城市集中式飲用水水源地水質(zhì)達(dá)標(biāo)率100%。全面實(shí)施土壤污染防治行動(dòng)，西藏土壤環(huán)境質(zhì)量狀況處于安全水平，總體維持自然本底狀態(tài)。

The living environment continues to improve. Since 2016, the proportion of days with excellent or good air quality in Xizang has reached over 99 percent each year. The air quality in main towns and cities has, on the whole, remained excellent or good, and the concentrations of six pollutants in seven prefecture-level administrative units has reached the state Grade-II standards or above. The air quality in the Mount Qomolangma area continues to be rated as excellent or good, reaching the state Grade-I standards. In 2022, Lhasa ranked first among the 168 key cities in China in terms of air quality, and Nyingchi and Qamdo both enjoyed excellent air quality all year round. The major rivers and lakes report good water quality. The water quality of main streams of the Jinsha River, Yarlung Zangbo River, Lancang River and Nujiang River has reached Grade-II standards, that of the Lhasa River, Nyangchu River and Nyang River that run through major towns and cities reached Grade-II standards or above, that of the Rongpo River that originates from Mount Qomolangma reached Grade-I standards, and that of the Pangong Tso, Yamzho Yumco and Nam Co lakes reached Grade-III standards. The quality of the drinking water sources in prefecture-level cities has all reached the required standards. Thanks to its comprehensive control of soil pollution, the soil environment in Xizang is generally maintained in its original natural state and is safe in quality.

——生態(tài)保護(hù)與經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)相適宜

– Complementary eco-environmental protection and economic development

綠色低碳產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展壯大。加快建設(shè)國(guó)家清潔能源基地，電力裝機(jī)容量中清潔能源比重占到近90%，為國(guó)家碳達(dá)峰、碳中和貢獻(xiàn)西藏力量。大力發(fā)展高原綠色農(nóng)牧業(yè)，“三品一標(biāo)”產(chǎn)品總數(shù)達(dá)到1014個(gè)。帕里牦牛和亞?wèn)|黑木耳被評(píng)為中國(guó)百?gòu)?qiáng)農(nóng)產(chǎn)品。加查縣安繞鎮(zhèn)核桃、隆子縣熱榮鄉(xiāng)黑青稞、芒康縣納西民族鄉(xiāng)葡萄獲批“三品一標(biāo)”產(chǎn)品，品牌效應(yīng)開(kāi)始凸顯。

The green, low-carbon industry has grown in strength. Xizang has accelerated the building of a national clean energy base, and clean energy now makes up 90 percent of the installed power generation capacity. It has thus contributed to China's targets for peak carbon emissions and carbon neutrality. Xizang has developed plateau green farming and animal husbandry, producing 1,014 different pollution-free, green or organic farm products or agro-products with geographical indications. Pagri yak and Yadong black fungus ranked among the Top 100 Farm Produce in China. Gyaca walnuts, Lhünze black highland barley, and Markam grapes have been listed as "pollution-free, green, organic farm products or agro-products with geographical indications", and are beginning to be recognized by more consumers.

生態(tài)保育工作成效顯現(xiàn)。推進(jìn)《西藏生態(tài)安全屏障保護(hù)與建設(shè)規(guī)劃（2008－2030年）》落地，實(shí)施“兩江四河”（雅魯藏布江、怒江、拉薩河、年楚河、雅礱河、獅泉河）流域綠化、鄉(xiāng)村“四旁”（宅旁、路旁、田旁、水旁）植樹(shù)等項(xiàng)目。加強(qiáng)建設(shè)項(xiàng)目的生態(tài)修復(fù)和綠色施工。雅魯藏布江上的藏木水電站建設(shè)過(guò)程中，通過(guò)修建2.6公里長(zhǎng)的魚(yú)類(lèi)洄游通道和每年大規(guī)模的增殖放流等方式，有力保護(hù)了高原珍稀魚(yú)類(lèi)的生存和繁殖。拉日鐵路建設(shè)過(guò)程中，選植優(yōu)良樹(shù)種，確保邊坡植草及喬木成活率和固沙防沙，在主要地段為野生動(dòng)物遷徙留出高架通道。拉林鐵路建設(shè)過(guò)程中，有效保護(hù)黑頸鶴的最大越冬棲息地。

Eco-environmental conservation has produced results. The Plan for Protection and Building of Ecological Security Barriers in Xizang (2008-2030) has been implemented. Greening projects for the basins of the Yarlung Zangbo, Nujiang, Lhasa, Nyangchu, Yalong and Shiquan rivers and for areas near residential houses, roads, farmlands and waters have been executed, with emphasis on eco-environmental restoration and green construction. During the construction of the Zam Hydropower Station on the Yarlung Zangbo River, a 2.6-kilometer-long fish migration channel was built, and fry breeding and release events were organized each year on a large scale. All these efforts have effectively secured the living and breeding conditions for rare plateau fish species. During the construction of the Lhasa-Xigaze Railway, fine tree species were selected to ensure the survival of turf and trees and efforts were made to stop and fix the sand dunes near the railway line. In addition, elevated passages were opened at major sections for the migration of wild animals. During the construction of the Lhasa-Nyingchi Railway, the largest winter habitat was well conserved for the black-necked cranes.

——生態(tài)文明高地加快建設(shè)

– New measures to accelerate eco-environmental progress

生態(tài)環(huán)境治理體系日益完善。落實(shí)《青藏高原生態(tài)環(huán)境保護(hù)和可持續(xù)發(fā)展方案》，施行《中華人民共和國(guó)青藏高原生態(tài)保護(hù)法》，頒布實(shí)施《西藏自治區(qū)國(guó)家生態(tài)文明高地建設(shè)條例》等政策法規(guī)。統(tǒng)籌山水林田湖草沙冰一體化保護(hù)和系統(tǒng)治理，全面推進(jìn)河湖林草保護(hù)責(zé)任到人。2017年，西藏全面推行河湖長(zhǎng)制，實(shí)現(xiàn)河流、湖泊全覆蓋。實(shí)行最嚴(yán)格水資源管理制度，建立“河湖長(zhǎng)+檢察長(zhǎng)+警長(zhǎng)”協(xié)作機(jī)制，強(qiáng)化水域岸線(xiàn)管控，維護(hù)河湖生命健康，實(shí)現(xiàn)河湖功能永續(xù)利用。全面推行林長(zhǎng)制，初步構(gòu)建起黨委領(lǐng)導(dǎo)、黨政同責(zé)、屬地負(fù)責(zé)、部門(mén)協(xié)同、源頭治理、全域覆蓋的林草資源保護(hù)發(fā)展長(zhǎng)效機(jī)制。不斷加強(qiáng)與周邊省區(qū)的合作，2020年，與青海、云南簽訂《跨省流域上下游突發(fā)水污染事件聯(lián)防聯(lián)控機(jī)制合作協(xié)議》；2021年，與四川、云南、青海、甘肅、新疆和新疆生產(chǎn)建設(shè)兵團(tuán)聯(lián)合制定實(shí)施《關(guān)于建立青藏高原及周邊區(qū)域生態(tài)檢察司法保護(hù)跨省際區(qū)劃協(xié)作機(jī)制的意見(jiàn)》，實(shí)現(xiàn)青藏高原協(xié)同保護(hù)。不斷完善監(jiān)測(cè)監(jiān)察考核體系，深化領(lǐng)導(dǎo)干部自然資源資產(chǎn)責(zé)任審計(jì)，在11個(gè)國(guó)家級(jí)自然保護(hù)區(qū)設(shè)立35個(gè)公益訴訟檢察聯(lián)絡(luò)室，提升生態(tài)環(huán)境領(lǐng)域公益訴訟執(zhí)法能力。

The autonomous region has continued to improve the eco-environmental governance system. A series of policies, regulations and statutes have been promulgated and implemented, including the Plan on Eco-environmental Protection and Sustainable Development on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, the Law of the People's Republic of China on Ecological Conservation on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, and Regulations on Developing National Eco-civilization Model in the Xizang Autonomous Region. Xizang follows a holistic approach to the integrated conservation and systematic management of mountains, rivers, forests, farmlands, lakes, grasslands, deserts and glaciers. A responsibility system has been introduced by which the responsibility for protecting rivers, lakes, forests and grasslands is assigned to specific persons with the title of chiefs. Since 2017, Xizang has enforced the strictest water resource administration system and established a "river/lake chief + procurator-general + police chief" coordinating mechanism, to strengthen the management of water bodies and shorelines, keep rivers and lakes healthy, and achieve their sustained utilization. A comprehensive system of forest chiefs has also been introduced across the region to establish a long-term mechanism for the protection and development of forest and grassland resources that addresses problems at source and covers the whole area. Under Party leadership, responsibilities are jointly assumed by local Party committees and governments supported by coordination of relevant departments. Cooperation with neighboring provinces and autonomous regions also has been reinforced in this regard. In 2020, Xizang signed a cooperation agreement with Qinghai and Yunnan provinces on establishing a joint prevention and control mechanism for water pollution emergencies in the upper and lower reaches of inter-provincial river basins. In 2021, it worked out an implementation document with Sichuan, Yunnan, Qinghai and Gansu provinces, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, and the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps on establishing a cross-provincial cooperation mechanism for judicial eco-environmental protection of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and its surrounding areas, which will facilitate the coordinated protection of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Xizang has also improved the monitoring and performance assessment system and strengthened the auditing of leading officials on their management responsibilities for natural resources. Thirty-five procuratorial liaison offices have been set up in 11 national nature reserves to handle public-interest litigation related to eco-environmental protection and to strengthen the capacity for law enforcement.

科學(xué)考察和技術(shù)攻關(guān)取得突破性進(jìn)展。國(guó)家啟動(dòng)第二次青藏高原綜合科學(xué)考察研究，聚焦水、生態(tài)、人類(lèi)活動(dòng)，深入分析青藏高原環(huán)境變化與機(jī)理，在國(guó)際地球科學(xué)和生命科學(xué)前沿領(lǐng)域產(chǎn)出一批原創(chuàng)性理論成果，對(duì)青藏高原的科學(xué)認(rèn)識(shí)達(dá)到新的高度。加強(qiáng)青藏高原科學(xué)研究基地平臺(tái)建設(shè)，建成國(guó)家青藏高原科學(xué)數(shù)據(jù)中心西藏分中心，科考成果為保護(hù)青藏高原生態(tài)環(huán)境、應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化、防控自然災(zāi)害、促進(jìn)綠色發(fā)展等提供科學(xué)支撐。2012年以來(lái)，持續(xù)在氣候變化影響、生物多樣性等領(lǐng)域開(kāi)展技術(shù)攻關(guān)和應(yīng)用示范研究，產(chǎn)生了一批創(chuàng)新成果。高原典型退化生態(tài)系統(tǒng)修復(fù)技術(shù)研究突破退化草地植被恢復(fù)關(guān)鍵技術(shù)，獲得10項(xiàng)新技術(shù)新方法新工藝。建成拉薩地球系統(tǒng)多維網(wǎng)生態(tài)保護(hù)修復(fù)治理示范工程，提出生態(tài)保護(hù)修復(fù)治理的系統(tǒng)方案。推動(dòng)山水林田湖草沙冰系統(tǒng)治理，查明青藏高原生態(tài)系統(tǒng)變化和碳匯功能，服務(wù)國(guó)家生態(tài)安全屏障體系優(yōu)化和碳中和國(guó)家目標(biāo)。建成西藏首家種質(zhì)資源庫(kù)，累計(jì)入庫(kù)保存種質(zhì)資源2047種8458份，為生物多樣性保護(hù)提供基礎(chǔ)支撐。研究形成高原固廢生物質(zhì)低碳化能量利用技術(shù)體系，有效降低固廢處理成本約15%，環(huán)境污染減排大于75%，相關(guān)成果已推廣至青海等地，實(shí)現(xiàn)經(jīng)濟(jì)效益近3億元。

Great progress has been registered in scientific surveys and technological breakthroughs. The central government has launched the second comprehensive scientific survey on water, the eco-environment, and human activities on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, and conducted a thorough analysis of local environmental changes and their mechanisms. This has generated a number of original theories in international frontier fields of geoscience and life sciences and substantially increased knowledge about the plateau. It has also stepped up efforts to build platforms for scientific research on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, and built the Xizang Branch of the National Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Data Center. Research results have provided technological support for protecting the plateau's eco-environment, addressing climate change, preventing and controlling natural disasters, and promoting green development.

Since 2012, the region has conducted research on core technologies and application demos in relation to climate change impact and biodiversity conservation, among others, and a number of innovative applications have emerged. Breakthroughs have been made in the treatment of degraded grassland vegetation – a key technology in research on restoring typical degraded plateau ecosystems. Ten new technologies, methods and techniques have been produced as a result. A demonstration project of a multi-dimensional network of the earth system for ecological conservation, restoration and governance was completed in Lhasa, providing a systematic plan for ecological conservation, restoration and governance. In order to optimize the national system of ecological security barriers and achieve the national goal of carbon neutrality, the region has taken systematic measures to protect and restore mountains, rivers, forests, farmlands, lakes, grasslands, deserts and glaciers, and investigated changes in the ecosystems of the Tibetan Plateau and its role as a carbon sink.

Xizang has established its first germplasm resource center and conserved 8,458 items of germplasm covering 2,047 species, a fundamental support to the protection of biodiversity. Researchers have worked out a system for utilizing solid waste and biomass on the plateau with low-carbon energy, which would reduce the costs of solid waste and biomass processing by 15 percent and environmental pollution by more than 75 percent. Research findings have been rolled out in neighboring provinces including Qinghai, generating an overall economic benefit of nearly RMB300 million.

——美麗西藏建設(shè)釋放生態(tài)紅利

– Eco-environmental dividends

生態(tài)保護(hù)機(jī)制持續(xù)發(fā)力。2018年以來(lái)，累計(jì)落實(shí)山水林田湖草沙冰一體化保護(hù)修復(fù)資金49.33億元。建立覆蓋森林、濕地、草原、水生態(tài)等領(lǐng)域的生態(tài)保護(hù)補(bǔ)償機(jī)制。各類(lèi)生態(tài)保護(hù)補(bǔ)償資金從2012年的37億元，快速增加到2022年的161億元。

Eco-environmental conservation mechanisms play an increasingly important role. Since 2018, more than RMB4.93 billion have been invested in the integrated protection and restoration of mountains, rivers, forests, farmlands, lakes, grasslands, deserts and glaciers. An eco-environmental conservation and compensation mechanism has been put in place that covers forest, wetland, grassland, and water ecosystems. The amount paid for eco-environmental compensation in 2012 was RMB3.7 billion and it quickly increased to RMB16.1 billion in 2022.

生態(tài)扶貧向生態(tài)富民轉(zhuǎn)變。2016年至2022年，年均為群眾提供生態(tài)保護(hù)崗位53.77萬(wàn)個(gè)，累計(jì)兌現(xiàn)生態(tài)補(bǔ)償資金126.37億元。大力發(fā)展生態(tài)產(chǎn)業(yè)和碳匯經(jīng)濟(jì)，帶動(dòng)群眾綠色就業(yè)創(chuàng)業(yè)。截至2022年底，家庭民宿（旅館）數(shù)量達(dá)2377家，鄉(xiāng)村旅游接待游客1274萬(wàn)人次，實(shí)現(xiàn)收入15.87億元，農(nóng)牧民直接和間接參與鄉(xiāng)村旅游就業(yè)6.4萬(wàn)人次，人均增收4500余元。

Xizang has shifted its focus from poverty alleviation to bringing prosperity to local people through eco-environmental conservation. From 2016 to 2022, 537,700 eco-environmental conservation jobs were created on average each year, and a total of RMB12.64 billion was paid in eco-environmental compensation. The development of eco-environmental businesses and the carbon sink economy has helped local people find green jobs or start green businesses. By the end of 2022, the number of rural family hotels and homestays had reached 2,377, receiving 12.74 million visits and generating revenues of almost RMB1.59 billion. Some 64,000 farmers and herders worked directly or indirectly for the rural tourism business, leading to a per capita rise of more than RMB4,500 in income.

生態(tài)環(huán)保生活方式蔚然成風(fēng)。人與自然和諧共生、追求可持續(xù)發(fā)展的高原生態(tài)文化得到進(jìn)一步激發(fā)。林芝市成功創(chuàng)建國(guó)家森林城市。林芝市波密、山南市瓊結(jié)、昌都市江達(dá)等11個(gè)市縣區(qū)成為國(guó)家生態(tài)文明建設(shè)示范區(qū)。林芝市巴宜區(qū)、山南市隆子縣、拉薩市柳梧新區(qū)達(dá)東村入選“綠水青山就是金山銀山”實(shí)踐創(chuàng)新基地。2016年起，“那曲地區(qū)城鎮(zhèn)植樹(shù)關(guān)鍵技術(shù)研發(fā)與綠化模式示范項(xiàng)目”在那曲示范推廣植樹(shù)200余畝，選育出班公柳、高山柳、云杉、江孜沙棘等多種高抗樹(shù)種，結(jié)束了那曲種不活一棵樹(shù)的歷史。許多農(nóng)牧民從曾經(jīng)的砍樹(shù)人變成種樹(shù)人、護(hù)樹(shù)人，豐富的生態(tài)資源成為當(dāng)?shù)厝罕娍吹靡?jiàn)守得住的“幸福不動(dòng)產(chǎn)”。

An eco-friendly lifestyle has become popular. A new plateau eco-culture has taken shape in which people pursue harmony between humanity and nature and value sustainable development. Nyingchi City has been recognized as a national-level forest city, and 11 cities/counties including the Bomi County in Nyingchi City, the Qonggyai County in Shannan City and Jomda County in Qamdo City have become national eco-civilization demonstration zones. Bayi District in Nyingchi, Lhünze County in Shannan and Dagdong Village of Liuwu New District in Lhasa have been listed as bases for implementing the eco-environmental philosophy that "Lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets". Since 2016, thanks to the Research and Development of Key Technologies for Afforestation and Greening Model Demonstration Project in Nagqu Prefecture (now Nagqu City), the region has selected and cultivated some high-resistance tree species, such as Salix bangongensis, Salix cupularis, dragon spruce, and Hippophae gyantsensis, which have been planted on more than 200 mu (about 14 hectares) of land. It is no longer the case that no tree could ever survive in the harsh conditions of Nagqu. Many farmers and herders now plant and protect trees rather than cutting them down. These rich eco-environmental resources are becoming the "real estate for a happy life" that the local people can see and keep.

六、民主法治建設(shè)不斷加強(qiáng)

VI. Strengthening Democracy and the Rule of Law

做好西藏工作，必須厲行法治，加強(qiáng)社會(huì)主義民主建設(shè)。西藏始終堅(jiān)持黨的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)、人民當(dāng)家作主和依法治藏有機(jī)統(tǒng)一；保證人民代表大會(huì)制度、中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的多黨合作和政治協(xié)商制度、民族區(qū)域自治制度、基層群眾自治制度在西藏貫徹落實(shí)。西藏政治建設(shè)邁出新步伐，有效保障各族人民享有當(dāng)家作主的權(quán)利，極大推動(dòng)各項(xiàng)事業(yè)發(fā)展進(jìn)步。

To ensure that Xizang continues to achieve successful development, the rule of law must be upheld and socialist democracy strengthened across the board. Xizang has always been committed to the Party's leadership, the people's position as masters of the country, and law-based governance. Efforts have been made to ensure the effective implementation of the system of people's congresses, the system of CPC-led multi-party cooperation and political consultation, the system of regional ethnic autonomy, and the system of grassroots self-governance. Fresh progress has been made in strengthening the political development in the region, ensuring the right of all people of all ethnic groups to be masters of the region and the country. As a result, all undertakings have advanced in the region.

——社會(huì)主義民主建設(shè)深入推進(jìn)

– Continuous progress in advancing socialist democracy

人民代表大會(huì)制度優(yōu)越性充分體現(xiàn)。黨的十八大以來(lái)，西藏自治區(qū)進(jìn)行的兩次換屆選舉中，90%以上的選民參加了縣、鄉(xiāng)直接選舉，有些地方參選率達(dá)到100%。人大代表履職盡責(zé)的體制機(jī)制更加完善，自治區(qū)人大建立落實(shí)了人大常委會(huì)組成人員直接聯(lián)系基層人大代表、基層人大代表聯(lián)系人民群眾的“雙聯(lián)系”制度。米林市南伊珞巴民族鄉(xiāng)人大代表達(dá)娃秉承“群眾選我當(dāng)代表，我為群眾辦實(shí)事”理念，與有關(guān)部門(mén)溝通，為昌都三巖搬遷群眾修建溫室大棚、解決群眾入冬吃菜難的問(wèn)題。截至目前，西藏共創(chuàng)建772個(gè)“人大代表之家”，覆蓋所有市（地）、縣（區(qū)）、鄉(xiāng)（鎮(zhèn)、街道），部分行政村建有“代表小組”活動(dòng)室，人大閉會(huì)期間代表履職活動(dòng)更加經(jīng)常化、規(guī)范化、制度化。

The strengths of the system of people's congresses have been given full play. Since the 18th CPC National Congress in 2012, two elections have been held in Xizang to elect the regional people's congress, in which more than 90 percent of eligible voters have participated in the county and township-level direct elections, and the participation rate in some places has even reached as high as 100 percent. The institutional mechanism for deputies to the people's congresses to fulfill their duties with due diligence has further improved. The People's Congress of the Xizang Autonomous Region has established and implemented a dual-contact system in which members of its standing committee maintain direct contact with community-level deputies who in turn maintain direct contact with people in their constituencies. Dhawa, deputy from Naiyu Lhoba Township, Mainling City to the People's Congress of the Xizang Autonomous Region, believes that "as an elected deputy, one should do everything possible to serve the people." By coordinating the relevant departments, he has helped build greenhouses for relocated residents in Sangan of Qamdo, ensuring their access to fresh produce in winter. To date, Xizang has instituted 772 "homes of deputies to people's congresses", covering all cities/prefectures, counties/districts, and townships/towns/sub-districts in the region. Some villages have set up deputies' functional centers. These facilities enable deputies to perform their duties on a more regular basis in the intersessional period, which has helped regulate and institutionalize the dual-contact system.

社會(huì)主義協(xié)商民主獨(dú)特優(yōu)勢(shì)更加彰顯。西藏把協(xié)商民主深深嵌入社會(huì)主義民主政治全過(guò)程，充分發(fā)揮人民政協(xié)作為協(xié)商民主重要渠道和專(zhuān)門(mén)協(xié)商機(jī)構(gòu)的作用，圍繞經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展中的重大問(wèn)題和涉及群眾切身利益的實(shí)際問(wèn)題建真言獻(xiàn)良策。人民政協(xié)吸收民族宗教、黨外知識(shí)分子、新的社會(huì)階層等各界、各族人士參加。政協(xié)第十二屆西藏自治區(qū)委員會(huì)共有委員440人，其中非中共黨員占比59.3%。74個(gè)縣（區(qū)）政協(xié)組織全覆蓋，全區(qū)政協(xié)委員超過(guò)8000名，85.7%是少數(shù)民族。2013年至2022年，政協(xié)西藏自治區(qū)委員會(huì)共收到提案4356件，已全部辦復(fù)。政協(xié)推動(dòng)委員認(rèn)真履行政治協(xié)商、民主監(jiān)督、參政議政職責(zé)。

The unique advantages of socialist consultative democracy have been further highlighted. Xizang has exercised consultative democracy throughout the process of socialist democracy. It gives full play to the role of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) as a major channel for consultative democracy and its committees as specialist consultative bodies. CPPCC members are encouraged to offer workable suggestions to address major issues related to economic and social development and resolve the people's immediate concerns. The CPPCC is open to representatives from all social sectors and ethnic groups, including those of religious circles, intellectuals who are not CPC members, and people from New Social Groups. There are 440 members on the 12th CPPCC Committee of the Xizang Autonomous Region, 59.3 percent of whom are not CPC members. CPPCC organizations have been established in all the 74 counties/districts in the region. There are more than 8,000 CPPCC members in the whole region; ethnic minority members account for 85.7 percent. Between 2013 and 2022, the CPPCC Committee of the Xizang Autonomous Region received a total of 4,356 proposals, all of which were processed with feedbacks. The CPPCC organizations have urged its members to earnestly perform their duties in political consultation, democratic supervision, and participation in the deliberation and administration of government affairs.

基層民主實(shí)踐廣泛真實(shí)生動(dòng)。西藏社會(huì)主義基層民主實(shí)踐形式不斷豐富，農(nóng)村建立村民代表會(huì)議制度，城市社區(qū)全部建立社區(qū)居民代表大會(huì)、社區(qū)居委會(huì)等社區(qū)組織，為社區(qū)居民自治提供了充分的組織保障。2019年，《西藏自治區(qū)村務(wù)公開(kāi)辦法》頒布實(shí)施，90%以上的行政村設(shè)立村務(wù)公開(kāi)欄，保障群眾的知情權(quán)、參與權(quán)、決策權(quán)、監(jiān)督權(quán)。2015年，出臺(tái)《西藏自治區(qū)職工代表大會(huì)工作規(guī)范（試行）》。迄今全區(qū)有基層工會(huì)組織8821個(gè)，工會(huì)會(huì)員60.7萬(wàn)人。企事業(yè)單位職工通過(guò)職工代表大會(huì)等民主管理制度，在重大決策和涉及職工切身利益等重大事項(xiàng)中充分行使民主權(quán)利。

Democracy has been translated into extensive, pragmatic and vivid actions at the grassroots. Grassroots democracy in Xizang has been gradually enriched. The system of villagers' representative meetings has been established, and community residents' congresses or residents' committees have been instituted in urban areas, providing a satisfactory organizational guarantee for grassroots self-governance. In 2019, the Measures of the Xizang Autonomous Region for Transparency in Village Affairs was issued. So far, more than 90 percent of the villages in the region have set up "transparency" bulletin boards, to ensure the right of local people to be informed, to participate in the deliberation of village affairs and in the decision-making process, and to scrutinize the exercise of power.

In 2015, the Regulations of the Xizang Autonomous Region on Workers' Congresses (for Trial Implementation) were promulgated. There are now 8,821 trade unions in the whole region, with 607,000 members in total. Employees in enterprises and public institutions can fully exercise their democratic rights in the decision-making process regarding important matters that concern their immediate interests through democratic management systems such as workers' congresses.

——民族區(qū)域自治制度全面實(shí)施

– Full implementation of regional ethnic autonomy

民族區(qū)域自治制度進(jìn)一步貫徹落實(shí)。民族區(qū)域自治制度賦予自治區(qū)在政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會(huì)、文化等方面的發(fā)展權(quán)利；自治區(qū)人大及其常委會(huì)還制定多項(xiàng)全國(guó)性法律的實(shí)施辦法，成為國(guó)家立法的重要補(bǔ)充。貫徹“收入全留、補(bǔ)助遞增、專(zhuān)項(xiàng)扶持”財(cái)政補(bǔ)貼優(yōu)惠政策，把中央關(guān)心、全國(guó)支援與自力更生、艱苦奮斗有機(jī)結(jié)合起來(lái)，合理安排使用地方財(cái)政收入。民族區(qū)域自治制度在西藏的實(shí)踐不斷深化，具體舉措和實(shí)現(xiàn)形式與時(shí)俱進(jìn)。

More measures have been adopted to reinforce the system of regional ethnic autonomy. The regional autonomy system ensures the region's right to development in the political, economic, social, cultural and other fields. The People's Congress of the Xizang Autonomous Region and its Standing Committee have also formulated implementation measures for a number of national laws, which have become an important supplement to state legislation. Preferential financial policies have been introduced, such as policies to give the autonomous region the right to retain all its revenues, to receive increasingly higher subsidies from the central government, and to allocate funds earmarked for special projects. The Xizang Autonomous Region relies on its hard-working spirit while benefiting from the caring policies of the central government and support from other parts of the country. It makes judicious use of its own fiscal revenues. To keep pace with the times, Xizang fully implements the autonomy system, regularly updating specific measures and means to exercise autonomy.

憲法和法律賦予的權(quán)利得到充分行使。西藏自治區(qū)人民代表大會(huì)常務(wù)委員會(huì)主任或副主任由藏族公民擔(dān)任，自治區(qū)主席由藏族公民擔(dān)任。全區(qū)42153名四級(jí)人大代表中，藏族和其他少數(shù)民族占89.2%。第十四屆全國(guó)人民代表大會(huì)的西藏代表共有24名，其中藏族和其他少數(shù)民族代表16名，占66.7%，門(mén)巴族、珞巴族等人口較少民族也有自己的代表。29名住藏全國(guó)政協(xié)委員中，少數(shù)民族委員占比86.2%。婦女在各級(jí)人大代表、政協(xié)委員中的比例較以往明顯提高。少數(shù)民族干部培養(yǎng)使用工作不斷加強(qiáng)，為西藏的全面繁榮穩(wěn)定和發(fā)展進(jìn)步作出重要貢獻(xiàn)。

The exercise of rights conferred by the Constitution and other laws is fully guaranteed. The offices of chairperson or vice chairpersons of the Standing Committee of the People's Congress of the Xizang Autonomous Region are occupied by Tibetans, as is the office of the governor of the Xizang Autonomous Region. A total of 89.2 percent of the 42,153 deputies to people's congresses at four levels in the autonomous region are from the Tibetan or other ethnic minorities. Of the 24 deputies of the Xizang delegation to the 14th NPC, 16 were from ethnic minorities, including ethnic groups with small populations such as the Monba people and the Lhoba people. There are 29 members of the CPPCC national committee from Xizang, 25 of whom are from ethnic minorities. The proportion of females among deputies to people's congresses at all levels or members of the CPPCC at all levels has risen considerably. Efforts have been intensified in the training and appointment of ethnic minority officials, which has significantly contributed to prosperity, stability, development, and progress in all respects in Xizang.

——依法治藏工作取得重大進(jìn)展

– Marked progress in the governance of Xizang in accordance with the law

法規(guī)體系建設(shè)長(zhǎng)足發(fā)展。黨的十八大以來(lái)，西藏踐行“治國(guó)必治邊、治邊先穩(wěn)藏”的戰(zhàn)略思想，制定實(shí)施一批地方性法規(guī)、政府規(guī)章和規(guī)范性文件，建立科學(xué)完備的法規(guī)體系，加強(qiáng)法治政府和法治社會(huì)一體化建設(shè)，實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)自治區(qū)各項(xiàng)事務(wù)治理的制度化、規(guī)范化、程序化。截至2022年底，自治區(qū)人大及其常委會(huì)先后制定實(shí)施160件地方性法規(guī)和具有法規(guī)性質(zhì)的決議、決定，確保穩(wěn)定、發(fā)展、生態(tài)、強(qiáng)邊四件大事及涉及社會(huì)管理、民生福祉等各類(lèi)事項(xiàng)都能在法治軌道上運(yùn)行。自治區(qū)人大及其常委會(huì)從地方實(shí)際出發(fā)，突出地方特色，立足重要的國(guó)家安全屏障和生態(tài)安全屏障，先后制定并頒布實(shí)施《西藏自治區(qū)民族團(tuán)結(jié)進(jìn)步模范區(qū)創(chuàng)建條例》《西藏自治區(qū)國(guó)家生態(tài)文明高地建設(shè)條例》。從2021年開(kāi)始，西藏所有設(shè)區(qū)的市都擁有地方立法權(quán)。地方立法主體的擴(kuò)大和地方立法體制的完善，為西藏社會(huì)的穩(wěn)定繁榮提供了法治保障。

Significant progress has been made in the development and improvement of the legal framework. Since the 18th CPC National Congress, guided by the strategy that stability in Xizang is paramount in the governance of the border areas and the country as a whole, the autonomous region has formulated and implemented a number of local regulations, government rules and other normative documents, establishing a complete and sound legal system. The region has endeavored to advance the rule of law in terms of both government administration and social governance, by introducing institutions, standards and procedures in the management of regional affairs. As of 2022, the People's Congress of the Xizang Autonomous Region and its Standing Committee had formulated and implemented 160 local regulations and statutory resolutions and decisions of a regulatory nature. They ensure that the rule of law contributes to maintaining stability, facilitating development, protecting the eco-environment, safeguarding the borders, and organizing other matters involving social governance and the people's wellbeing. The People's Congress of Xizang and its Standing Committee have focused on practical issues in light of local realities and features. Based on the region's important role as a national and ecological security shield, the congress has formulated and implemented Regulations on the Establishment of Model Areas for Ethnic Unity and Progress in the Xizang Autonomous Region and Regulations on Developing Ecological Highlands in the Xizang Autonomous Region. Starting from 2021, all the region's cities with subsidiary districts have been accorded local legislative powers. More local legislative bodies and the improved local legislative system have provided legal guarantees for stability and prosperity in Xizang.

法治政府建設(shè)邁出新步伐。持續(xù)優(yōu)化營(yíng)商環(huán)境，制定出臺(tái)《西藏自治區(qū)優(yōu)化政務(wù)環(huán)境工作方案》《西藏自治區(qū)推進(jìn)西南五省政務(wù)服務(wù)“跨省通辦”工作實(shí)施方案》。強(qiáng)化權(quán)力制約監(jiān)督，出臺(tái)《西藏自治區(qū)行政執(zhí)法監(jiān)督條例》《西藏自治區(qū)規(guī)范行政執(zhí)法裁量權(quán)規(guī)定》《西藏自治區(qū)重大行政決策程序暫行規(guī)定》等地方性法規(guī)、政府規(guī)章和規(guī)范性文件。依法公開(kāi)政務(wù)信息，“互聯(lián)網(wǎng)+政務(wù)服務(wù)”扎實(shí)推進(jìn)，政務(wù)服務(wù)事項(xiàng)網(wǎng)上可辦率顯著提升，進(jìn)一步優(yōu)化政務(wù)服務(wù)，方便群眾辦事。

Fresh progress has been made in law-based government. The business environment has been steadily improved. The Work Plan of the Xizang Autonomous Region for Building a Sound Administrative Environment and the Implementation Plan of the Xizang Autonomous Region for Promoting the Inter-Provincial E-Government in the Five Southwestern Provinces have been formulated and released. To keep the exercise of power under effective restraint and supervision, several local regulations, government rules and other normative documents have been formulated and released, including the Regulations of the Xizang Autonomous Region on the Supervision of Administrative Law Enforcement, the Regulations of the Xizang Autonomous Region on Discretion over Administrative Law Enforcement and Interim Regulations of the Xizang Autonomous Region on Major Administrative Decision-Making Procedures. Transparency in government affairs in accordance with the law has been promoted, with most government services available online now. These efforts have further optimized government services for the convenience of the people.

法治社會(huì)建設(shè)實(shí)現(xiàn)新突破。中共中央辦公廳、國(guó)務(wù)院辦公廳出臺(tái)《關(guān)于加快推進(jìn)公共法律服務(wù)體系建設(shè)的意見(jiàn)》，公共法律服務(wù)體系向縱深推進(jìn)，縣級(jí)以上司法行政機(jī)關(guān)全部掛牌運(yùn)行公共法律服務(wù)實(shí)體平臺(tái)，逐步向社區(qū)基層面延伸。僅2021年，西藏法律援助機(jī)構(gòu)共組織提供法律咨詢(xún)2.73萬(wàn)余人次，辦理法律援助案件7626件，為受援人挽回經(jīng)濟(jì)損失9847萬(wàn)元。出臺(tái)《西藏自治區(qū)法治宣傳教育條例》，深入開(kāi)展以憲法為核心的中國(guó)特色社會(huì)主義法律體系宣傳教育，切實(shí)加強(qiáng)鄉(xiāng)村法治文化陣地、校園法治文化陣地及宗教活動(dòng)場(chǎng)所法治文化陣地建設(shè)，分區(qū)分類(lèi)營(yíng)造濃厚的法治氛圍。大力實(shí)施鄉(xiāng)村“法律明白人”培養(yǎng)工程，建立村居法律服務(wù)微信群，實(shí)現(xiàn)村居法律顧問(wèn)全覆蓋。堅(jiān)持送法下鄉(xiāng)，深入開(kāi)展以案釋法和全國(guó)民主法治示范村（社區(qū)）創(chuàng)建等工作，引導(dǎo)帶動(dòng)更多群眾尊法學(xué)法守法用法。

New breakthroughs have been made in the building of a law-based society. The General Office of the CPC Central Committee and the General Office of the State Council jointly issued the Measures on Accelerating the Building of a Public Legal Service System, further boosting the public legal service system. All judicial administrative offices at the county level and above have launched public legal service entity platforms, gradually extending to the primary-level communities. In 2021 alone, legal aid institutions in the region provided consultation services to people on more than 27,300 occasions and accepted 7,626 legal aid cases, which helped legal aid recipients recover financial losses of RMB98.47 million. The Regulations of the Xizang Autonomous Region on the Awareness-raising and Education on the Rule of Law have been promulgated, and an extensive education campaign has been carried out to raise awareness of the Chinese socialist legal system with the Constitution at the core. Effective public education on the rule of law has been conducted in rural areas, at schools, and in religious facilities to create a culture of respect for the rule of law across Xizang. The region has carried out a vigorous project to encourage villagers to learn about the law, set up WeChat groups for legal services in rural areas, and provided legal advisers to all villages. A campaign to bring legal knowledge and services to the countryside has been executed, in which real-life cases have been used to explain and interpret laws. National pilot villages and communities for democracy and the rule of law have been established. Interpreting laws with vivid cases motivates more people to learn the law, respect it, abide by it, and apply it.

結(jié)束語(yǔ)

Conclusion

偉岸的喜馬拉雅山，見(jiàn)證西藏和平解放以來(lái)的滄桑巨變；奔騰的雅魯藏布江，奏響新時(shí)代西藏發(fā)展進(jìn)步的恢弘樂(lè)章。黨的十八大以來(lái)，西藏步入發(fā)展最好、變化最大、群眾得實(shí)惠最多的歷史時(shí)期。西藏經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)的發(fā)展進(jìn)步是中國(guó)建設(shè)發(fā)展輝煌成就的一個(gè)典型縮影，是中國(guó)式現(xiàn)代化在世界屋脊創(chuàng)造的人類(lèi)發(fā)展奇跡。

Since the 18th CPC National Congress, Xizang has experienced a period of unprecedented development and huge change, bringing more tangible benefits to the people. The social and economic progress of Xizang epitomizes the nation's outstanding achievements in development, created on the roof of the world through the Chinese path to modernization.

實(shí)踐充分證明，只有全面深入貫徹落實(shí)新時(shí)代黨的治藏方略，堅(jiān)持所有發(fā)展都要賦予民族團(tuán)結(jié)進(jìn)步的意義，都要賦予維護(hù)統(tǒng)一、反對(duì)分裂的意義，都要賦予改善民生、凝聚人心的意義，都要有利于提升各族群眾獲得感、幸福感、安全感，抓好穩(wěn)定、發(fā)展、生態(tài)、強(qiáng)邊四件大事，才能確保西藏長(zhǎng)治久安和高質(zhì)量發(fā)展。

The region's achievements have proved that to ensure long-term stability and high-quality development in the region, the Party's guidelines on the governance of Xizang in the new era must be fully and thoroughly implemented. The region's development must serve to benefit ethnic unity and progress, to safeguard national unity and oppose separatism, and to improve people's lives and build social consensus, so that people of all ethnic groups in Xizang will have a greater sense of gain, fulfillment and security. To ensure long-term stability, prosperity and high-quality development in Xizang, the four main tasks of ensuring stability, facilitating development, protecting the eco-environment, and strengthening the borders must be successfully and effectively fulfilled.

黨的二十大報(bào)告提出，中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨的中心任務(wù)就是團(tuán)結(jié)帶領(lǐng)全國(guó)各族人民全面建成社會(huì)主義現(xiàn)代化強(qiáng)國(guó)、實(shí)現(xiàn)第二個(gè)百年奮斗目標(biāo)，以中國(guó)式現(xiàn)代化全面推進(jìn)中華民族偉大復(fù)興。這為新時(shí)代西藏工作樹(shù)立了新航標(biāo)，將鼓舞激勵(lì)西藏各族人民以鑄牢中華民族共同體意識(shí)為主線(xiàn)，堅(jiān)定不移走中國(guó)特色解決民族問(wèn)題的正確道路，貫徹落實(shí)新時(shí)代黨的治藏方略，完整準(zhǔn)確全面貫徹新發(fā)展理念，全面推進(jìn)民族團(tuán)結(jié)進(jìn)步事業(yè)，繼續(xù)譜寫(xiě)西藏長(zhǎng)治久安和高質(zhì)量發(fā)展的絢爛華章。

The Report to the 20th CPC National Congress stated that the central task of the CPC is to lead the Chinese people of all ethnic groups in a concerted effort to realize the Second Centenary Goal of building China into a modern socialist country in all respects, and to advance the rejuvenation of the Chinese nation on all fronts through a Chinese path to modernization. This has set a new goal for Xizang, and will encourage the people of all the ethnic groups in the region to follow a Chinese approach to ethnic issues, and fully implement the Party's policies on the governance of Xizang in the new era, underpinned by a strong sense of the Chinese nation as one single community. Applying the new development philosophy in full, to the letter and in all fields, they will promote ethnic unity and progress on all fronts, and open a new and splendid era of long-term peace and stability and high-quality development in the region.

（來(lái)源：新華社）

(Source: Xinhua News Agency)