The "Axial Age" section of the "Exhibition of Excellent Traditional Chinese Cultural Works" at the National Museum of Classic Books in Beijing, June 27, 2025. According to German philosopher Karl Jaspers, the Axial Age occurred between 800 B.C. and 200 B.C., when ancient China and other places independently initiated the first spiritual breakthroughs in human history. The section highlights the Hundred Schools of Thought period, when diverse schools including Confucianism, Daoism, Mohism and Legalism flourished, generating enduring intellectual traditions. [Photo by Liu Ziying/China.org.cn]